Breathing and Atoms and element flash cards

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers key concepts in Biology, Chemistry, and Physics from the Year 2 Science Exam Practice paper, including human anatomy, atomic structure, and the solar system.

Nitrogen ($N_2$)

One of the two main gases found in dry, unpolluted air along with Oxygen.

Exhaled air

The air breathed out of the body in which the composition of gases, particularly Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide, changes compared to inhaled air.

Balloons (Lung Model)

The part of a lung inflation model that represents the lungs in the human thorax.

Rubber sheet (Lung Model)

The part of a lung inflation model that represents the diaphragm in the human thorax.

Smoking substances

The three components that enter the lungs when smoking: Carbon monoxide, nicotine, and tar.

Pepsin

An enzyme from the human stomach used to digest proteins like gelatine.

$$37^{\circ}C$$

The temperature at which a water bath is set for digestion experiments because it mimics human body temperature.

Surface Area (Digestion)

The reason why gelatine cut into pieces is digested more quickly than a whole cube due to increased contact with the enzyme.

Nucleus

The central part of an atom, such as beryllium, that contains protons and neutrons.

Electrons

The particles with the lowest mass in an atom that orbit the central nucleus in shells.

$$He$$

The correct chemical symbol for the element helium.

Compound

A substance made of two or more elements chemically joined, such as water.

Mixture

A substance consisting of different elements or compounds not chemically joined, such as air.

Paper chromatography

A technique used to separate the different dyes present in samples of ink.

The Solar System

A combination of a star and planets, such as the Sun and the planets that orbit it (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars).

Moon Orbit

The orbital path around the Earth; the time taken to complete one orbit is measured in days.

Force of Gravity

A measurement in $N/kg$ that represents the pull of a planet; for example, it is $9\,N/kg$ on Venus.

Solar eclipse

An astronomical event that occurs when the moon positions itself between the Sun and the Earth.

UK Summer

The season in the United Kingdom that is hotter than winter due to the tilt and position of the Earth relative to the Sun.