High Risk Pregnancy Lecture Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering hypertensive disorders, diabetes management, pregnancy-related bleeding, and other high-risk medical conditions during pregnancy.

Chronic Hypertension (CHTN)

Blood pressure of $130/90$ or greater (2 readings, 4 hours apart) occurring before 20 weeks of pregnancy or lasting beyond postpartum.

Gestational HTN

Hypertension after 20 weeks ($140/90$, 2 readings, 4 hours apart) with no proteinuria or features of severe preeclampsia, which resolves after pregnancy.

Preeclampsia

Hypertension after 20 weeks ($140/90$) paired with proteinuria or evidence of organ injury.

Preeclampsia w/ severe features

Preeclampsia characterized by blood pressure of $160/110$ or greater or evidence of worsening organ injury.

Eclampsia

The occurrence of tonic-clonic seizures in a patient with preeclampsia who has no underlying seizure disorder.

HELLP Syndrome

A variant of Preeclampsia involving Hemolysis (elevated LDH), Elevated Liver Enzymes (ALT, AST $2 imes$ normal), and Low Platelets (<100,000).

Scotoma

An assessment finding for preeclampsia characterized by spots in the patient's vision.

Clonus

Involuntary and rhythmic muscle contractions and relaxations encountered during assessment for preeclampsia.

Magnesium sulfate

An infusion administered to patients with HDP to prevent eclamptic seizures.

Calcium gluconate

The antidote for Magnesium toxicity.

Euglycemia

Strict maternal glucose control, which is the key to an optimal outcome in pregnancies complicated by diabetes.

Class A1 GDM

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus that is managed by diet alone.

Class A2 GDM

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus that requires insulin for control.

Macrosomia

A fetal complication of poorly controlled diabetes characterized by excessive birth weight.

Hyperemesis Gravidarum (HG)

Excessive vomiting during pregnancy accompanied by dehydration, nutritional deficiencies, electrolyte imbalance, weight loss, and ketonuria.

Spontaneous Abortion (SAB)

The termination of pregnancy before $20$ weeks gestation, frequently due to chromosomal abnormalities.

Ectopic Pregnancy

A pregnancy where the fertilized ovum implants outside the uterine cavity, most commonly ($90$%) in the fallopian tube.

Methotrexate

A hazardous drug used for the medical management of stable ectopic pregnancies to dissolve the pregnancy tissue.

Molar Pregnancy

A type of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease where abnormal fertilization leads to the growth of nonviable tissue instead of a normal embryo.

Placenta Previa

The implantation of the placenta in the lower uterine segment near or over the internal cervical os, manifesting as painless, bright red bleeding.

Placental Abruption

The premature separation of the placenta from the uterus, typically causing dark red vaginal bleeding and a hard, tender abdomen.

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

A secondary condition involving accelerated clotting that consumes platelets and clotting factors, leading to uncontrollable bleeding.

Cardiac decompensation

The development of heart failure in a pregnant patient with a diseased heart who cannot tolerate the increased workload of pregnancy.

Subinvolution

A postpartum effect of anemia where the uterus does not return to its normal size.

Asymptomatic bacteriuria

The presence of bacteria (>100,000 organisms/mL) in the urine without symptoms, which can lead to pyelonephritis if untreated.

Phenazopyridine

A urinary analgesic for cystitis that can cause orange-colored tears and urine, potentially staining contact lenses.

Pyelonephritis

A renal infection that is a leading cause of septic shock in pregnancy and increases the risk of preterm labor.