N110 Depression and Parkinson's

Cognitive behavioral therapy

Help you recognize negative thought and behavioral patterns

Electroconvulsive therapy

electrical stimulation of the brain; works rapidly, increases BDNF and neurogenesis

Transcranial magnetic stimulation

uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells. less invasive than ECT.

Deep brain stimulation

Stimulating Area 25 regulates input to the amygdala

Botox

relaxing the forehead muscles into a “happier” face reduces depression

Bipolar depression

mood swings extremely between mania (emotional highs) and depression. Treatment: lithium, which increases neurogenesis

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

depression in winter, common in areas with less sunshine, elevate melatonin→sleepy and depressed. Treatment: natural light stimulation.

Norepinephrine location. Function. Diseases associated. Drug treatments.

Pineal gland. Attention/arousal. memory, PTSD, stress. Beta blockers.

Dopamine Location. Function. Diseases associated. Drug treatments.

VTA to Nucleus accumbens. Substantia nigra and striatum. Reward and motivation. Addiction, Parkinson’s, stress. L-Dopamine, opiod interventions, talk therapy.

Serotonin function. diseases associated. Drug treatments.

happy hormone. Depression? SSRI’s.

Melatonin location. function. Diseases associated. Drug treatments.

Pineal gland. Sleep/wake cycle. Grogginess, sleep cycle. Z drugs, tranquilizers, alcohol.

Prolonged L-DOPA treatment ______ dopamine receptors, making it less effective.

downregulates

Dopamine cell ______ survive, develop neural processes, and release dopamine.

transplants

The loss of _______of dopamine neurons in the ______eventually inhibits striatal neurons, making it difficult to coordinate movements.

30-70%; substantia nigra

The substantia nigra interacts with the adjacent _________, and the loss of dopamine in PD induces abnormally high activity in the _______, facilitating tremors.

subthalamic nucleus