Spanish IX medieval voc

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Last updated 3:40 PM on 5/30/26
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65 Terms

1
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Significant phonology/sound changes (OSp > Msp)

f- —> h- (fazer, fablar, fijo > hacer hablar, hijo); also Mafómat is Muhammed

pl-, cl- yll —> ll- (plegó, clamar > llegó, llamar)

b, v, u interchangeable (boz, fablava, cavallero, bibdas > voz, hablaba, caballero, viudas)

ç, c, z interchangeable (cabeça, fazer > cabeza, hacer)

x, j, g, i interchangeable (dixo, muger, acojen, guego, iudíos, iamás > dijo, mujer, acogen, juego, judíos, jamás)

o, u, a often interchangeable

m, n interchangeable (fanbre > hambre)

nn, ñ, n interchangeable (connosçer, coñoscer)

q, c interchangeable (quando)

h- often missing (aver > haber, á > ha)

-e often missing (noch, nuef, puent, nadi > noche, nueve, puente, nadie)

e —> a in imperfect/conditional (avié, podrié, tenién > había, podría, tenía)

NOTE TOO

  • general elision of syllables or vowels eg don Elvira (doña Elvira)

  • general doubling of consonants is interchangeable incl ff, mm, rr, cc, ss, ll (commo, rremanidas, iffantes, ayusso)

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Orgullo, soberbia

Pride

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Lujuria (loxuria, luxuria)

Lust

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Gula, tragonía

Gluttony

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Misericordia

Mercy

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Ira, cólera, rencores

Wrath

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Envidia

Envy

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Codicia (cobdiçia), avaricia

Greed

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Pereza, açidia

Sloth

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Doñear

To court, to fuck

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Alcahueta

Go-between

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Doncella

Young woman

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Mancebo

Young man

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Huerto

Orchard

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Apurar

Hurry

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Averiguar

Find out

17
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Espantar

Frighten

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Halagar

Flatter

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El almo, amo

Master

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Rezar

To pray

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Heda

Ugly

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Apuesta

Refined

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mio, to, so

possessive mi, tu, su OR personal me, te, se

24
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Seso

Brain

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Asno

Ass, donkey

26
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ending -des, -stes (amades, amastes)

2nd person pl in present and past

amades > amáis

amastes > amastéis

creades > creáis

fiçiestes > hicisteis

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só, estó, imos, trayo

key verbs (present tense)

soy, estoy, vamos, traigo

28
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strong verbs in preterite: escripso, nasqui, fuxieron, vido, visco, estido

escribió, nací, huyeron, vio, vivió, estuvo

29
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loss of vowels eg díxol’, pagós’, nol’, nil’, quel’, déxem’

indicates a missing pronoun

le dijo, se pagó, no le, ni le, que le, déjame

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á, avié, a

haber used as a full verb meaning to have, often in place of modern tener constructions eg tener miedo (tener in OSp only for physical hold, grasp)

Loses the h- and can change vowel to an ‘o’ eg oviessen > habiessen

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seder, sedié

verb ‘to sit’ but used as a form of ser

32
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vos, tú

formal address, used for equals or souperiors


(cf. French vous)

tú only used for inferiors, young family, outsiders (Jews, Muslims)

tú also used for God and the saints

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prestalde, dandos, porná

internal consonant mixing

prestadle, dadnos, ponerá

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donde

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en essora

entonces

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evades aquí, he aquí

aquí tienes

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huebos

necesidad

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cras, otro día

mañana

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ca

que, porque

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si quier

aunque

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si non

excepto

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pora

para

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otrossi

tambi€n

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onde, o

donde, de donde

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omne

hombre

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mesquindat

miseria

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mas

pero

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hora de sexta

medioda

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guisa

manera

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encabo

al final

51
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labrador

farmer

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sabidor

wise man

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hombre de prestar

respectful man

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un cojo

cripple

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necio

foolish, silly

56
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bendición

blessing

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humildad

humility

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humillar

to humiliate

59
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obispo, arzobispo

bishop, archbishop

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clérigo

cleric, clergyman

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pleitos, disputas, peleas

lawsuits, disputes, fights (legal terminology)

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abeytar

to trick, fool, make fun of

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galardón, acatamiento, destemplado, fuego, gentil, preso, siervo, cativo, sacrificio, glorioso, tormento, deleyte, bienaventurado, fiel, grandeza, merced, servicio, devoción, misericordia

words to do with courtly love; often borrowed from religious lexicon

64
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ortuna, vegez, congoxas, orden, voluntad, adversidad, memoria, desdicha, mundo halaguero, caducar, concierto, contienda, natura, litigar, dissensiones, lides, mudar, derribar, renovar, querella, pelea, avisos, engaños

words to do with fate, fortune

65
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hechizera, malhechora, diablo, pecadoras ánimas, sangre, ponçoña, cárceres,

words to do with witchcraft