Stat

Standard Deviation

The context typically varies by SD from the mean of mean.

Percentile

Percentile % of context are less than or equal to value.

z-score

Specific value with context is z-score standard deviations above/below the mean.

Describe a distribution

Address shape, center, variability, and outliers (in context).

Correlation (r)

The linear association between x-context and y-context is weak/moderate/strong and positive/negative.

Residual

The actual y-context was residual above/below the predicted value when x-context = #.

y-intercept

The predicted y-context when x = 0 context.

Slope

The predicted y-context increases/decreases by slope for each additional x-context.

Standard Deviation of Residuals (s)

The actual y-context is typically about s away from the value predicted by the LSRL.

Coefficient of Determination (r^2)

About r2% of the variation in y-context can be explained by the linear relationship with x-context.

Describe the relationship

Address strength, direction, form and unusual features (in context).

Probability P(A)

The proportion of times that context A will occur after many trials.

Conditional Probability P(A|B)

Given context B, there is a P(A|B) probability of context A.

Expected Value (Mean)

The average number of x-context we can expect after many repetitions of a process.

Binomial Mean (M_x)

The average number of successes out of n trials after many trials.

Binomial Standard Deviation (σ_x)

Typically varies from the mean of u_x.

Standard Deviation of Sample Proportions (σ_p)

Typically varies from the true proportion p.

Standard Deviation of Sample Means (σ_x̄)

Typically varies from the true mean u_x.

Confidence Interval (A, B)

We are % confident that the interval from A to B captures the true parameter.

Confidence Level

About confidence level% of confidence intervals will capture the true parameter.

p-value

The probability of obtaining observed results, given the null hypothesis is true.

Conclusion for a Significance Test

Determine whether to reject or fail to reject Ho based on p-value and alpha.

Type 1 Error

The null hypothesis is true, but we reject it.

Type II Error

The alternative hypothesis is true, but we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

Power

The probability of correctly rejecting the null hypothesis if the alternative hypothesis is true.

Standard Error of the Slope (SE)

The slope of the sample LSRL typically varies from the population LSRL slope by about SE.