Women and Family

What did Millicent Fawcett claim in 1919?

The war had found women surfs and left them free

Why was it relatively easy to convince British women to support the war effort?

Suffrage movement already quite militarised

French authorities encouraged women to …

make emotional connections with soldiers

What did relationship between women and soldiers in Britain lead to?

Reassertion of the Contagious Diseases Act

Why could the equal treatment of women in Metropole France and the French indies be problematic?

Separation allowances were massive sums for Black women who would then drop out of workforce

What did the British pro-natalist movement mean?

Focus on quality of children eg 1917 National Baby Week

Why were pro-natalist movement important?

Female experience still filtered through lens of motherhood

Give 2 non-work reasons grating female suffrage was a good idea

Older women act as conservative backstop against young liberal men

Encourages migration eg New Zealand one of first to grant suffrage

What did a 1911 British census record?

1/3 of women were working

Doesn’t include domestic work

Rather than increased quantity, the female war effort bought more….

visibility and male awareness

Why is it helpful to move analysis closer to centre of war?

Women more significant in occupied areas where combatant and civilian identities blurred

Why did women take on leadership role in the La Dame Blanche organisation?

Fears men would eb deported

Why was female resistance in Belgium different to in Russia?

Belgian women officially employee’s of British war effort

Which country implemented separation allowances first?

Germany giving allowances to warrior families

Joseph (2021)

agricultural labour became a task of national defence which they (Antillean workers) are called like all good French people

What impact did separation allowances have on Irish women?

Viewed as sympathetic to British cause

What was female virtue and chastity conflated with?

National integrity

What did the Queens Work Women Fund provide for British women?

Training in work as soon as their loved one’s left

Name two of the gender specific practices of the Armenian genocide

Sexual intimidation

Deportation of male leaders

What did the British “Remember Scarborough” campaign do?

Paint German activity as a barbaric attack on women and children

How was Queen Marie of Romania depicted?

Mother of the Wounded

Grayzel and Tipton (2002)

Women’s work made for excellent patriotic propaganda

Proctor (2003)

many women clearly were excited at the prospect of active service

Knevic (2011)

during the war female sexuality became a national battleground