CHAPTER 25 VOCAB US HISTORY- MORAN APPROVED ✅

Massive Retaliation

A military strategy of responding to any attack with much greater force (nuclear).

CIA

government agency responsible for gathering foreign intelligence and secret operations.

Sputnik

The first artificial satellite, launched by the Soviet Union

NASA

agency created to lead space exploration and research.

Spirit of Geneva

A brief period of reduced Cold War tensions

Interstate Highway System

controlled-access highways built for travel and defense.

Nation of Islam

An African American political and religious movement.

Brown v. Board of Education

The Supreme Court ruling that declared segregated schools unconstitutional.

SNCC

A civil rights group formed by students to use nonviolent protest (sit-ins).

MFD

A political party created to challenge the all-white Mississippi Democratic delegation.

SCLC

A civil rights organization led by Martin Luther King Jr. based on nonviolence.

Modern Republicanism

Eisenhower's policy of fiscal conservatism mixed with social liberalism.

Military-Industrial Complex

The warning against the powerful alliance between the military and arms industry.

Brinkmanship

Pushing a dangerous situation to the edge of war to force an opponent to back down.

Atoms for Peace

Eisenhower's proposal to use nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, not just war.

Eisenhower Doctrine

A promise of US aid to Middle Eastern countries resisting communism.

U-2 Incident

The 1960 shooting down of a US spy plane over the Soviet Union.

HEW

A cabinet department created to manage social security, health, and education.

The Feminine Mystique

A book/concept describing the restricted domestic roles of 1950s women.

NDEA

A law providing funding for science and math education to compete with the Soviets.

Little Rock Central High School

The site where federal troops enforced school integration in 1957.

Termination Policy

A failed federal policy to end the special legal status of Native American tribes.

Berlin Crisis (1958-1961)

A standoff over the status of West Berlin, ending in the city's division.

Civil Rights Act of 1957

The first federal civil rights law since Reconstruction, focusing on voting.

OPEC

An organization of oil-producing nations that coordinates petroleum policies.

Suez Crisis

A 1956 conflict triggered by Egypt seizing the Suez Canal.

Nikita Khrushchev

The Soviet leader who succeeded Stalin during the height of the Cold War.

SEATO

A defense alliance created to stop the spread of communism in Southeast Asia.

Domino Theory

The belief that if one nation fell to communism, its neighbors would too.

New Look

Eisenhower's defense policy prioritizing nuclear weapons over traditional troops.

Dien Bien Phu

A 1954 battle where Vietnamese communists defeated the French.

Concurrent

Happening or existing at the same time.

Exacerbate

To make worse.

Proliferate

To increase rapidly.