MORE A&P Questions

In which of the following locations would the urinary bladder and internal reproductive organs be found? (1. Thoracic cavity, 2. Mediastinum, 3. Abdominal cavity, 4. Pelvic cavity)

4. Pelvic cavity

Which tissue serves as the framework of the body by providing support and structure for the organs? (1. Epithelial, 2. Connective, 3. Nervous, 4. Muscle)

2. Connective

What are the glands of skin that produce a thin, watery secretion? (1. Sebaceous glands, 2. Eccrine glands, 3. Apocrine glands, 4. Endocrine glands)

2. Eccrine glands

You have been given a sample of tissue that has open spaces partially filled by an assemblage of needle-like structures. What is the tissue? (1. Spongy bone, 2. Compact bone, 3. Cartilage, 4. Adipose tissue)

1. Spongy bone

Which mineral is responsible for regulating fluid in the body? (1. Chloride, 2. Sodium, 3. Calcium, 4. Magnesium)

2. Sodium

All actions of the nervous system depend on the transmission of nerve impulses over which of the following? (1. Neuroglia, 2. Efferent pathways, 3. Afferent pathways, 4. Neurons)

4. Neurons

Which leukocytes are correctly matched with their function or description? (Select all that apply.) (1. Monocytes—become macrophages, 2. Basophils—the most common type of WBC, 3. Lymphocytes—important in immune response, 4. Neutrophils—phagocytize microorganisms)

1, 3, and 4

Which of the following is the blood vessel where exchanges take place between blood and the cells of the body? (1. Artery, 2. Vein, 3. Capillary, 4. Arteriole)

3. Capillary

In order for inhalation to occur, what must happen? (1. Contraction of the diaphragm, which decreases the volume of the chest cavity and draws air into the lungs, 2. Contraction of the diaphragm, which enlarges the chest cavity and draws air into the lungs, 3. Recoil of the lungs as the respiratory muscles contract and the thorax decreases in size, 4. Recoil of the lungs as the respiratory muscles relax and the thorax decreases in size)

2. Contraction of the diaphragm, which enlarges the chest cavity and draws air into the lungs

Which are the functional units of the kidney? (1. Ureters, 2. Glomeruli, 3. Nephrons, 4. Renal capsules)

3. Nephrons

What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity? (1. Diaphragm, 2. Mediastinum, 3. Liver, 4. Lungs)

1. Diaphragm

What is the basic unit of life and the building block of tissues and organs? (1. Atom, 2. Organelle, 3. Cell, 4. DNA)

3. Cell

Which of the following are functions of the skeletal system? (Select all that apply.) (1. Support the body, 2. Hemopoiesis, 3. Conduct impulses, 4. Provide protection)

1, 2, and 4

Why are skeletal muscles also called voluntary muscles? (1. They are under conscious control. 2. They are attached to the skeleton. 3. They use ATP to energize contraction. 4. They are striated in appearance.)

1. They are under conscious control.

Motor or _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ neurons transmit nerve impulses away from the CNS. (1. afferent 2. efferent 3. central 4. peripheral)

2. efferent

What are chemical messengers that control growth, differentiation, and the metabolism of specific target cells called? (1. Hormones 2. Neurons 3. Glands 4. Second messengers)

1. Hormones

What is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood through the alveoli called? (1. External respiration 2. Internal respiration 3. Inhalation 4. Cellular respiration)

1. External respiration

Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood does which of the following? (1. It is carried in solution or bound to blood proteins. 2. It is carried on hemoglobin. 3. It is converted to bicarbonate ions by carbonic anhydrase within red blood cells. 4. It is converted to bicarbonate ions by carbonic anhydrase within the plasma.)

3. It is converted to bicarbonate ions by carbonic anhydrase within red blood cells.

The stomach muscle churns and mixes food, turning the mass into a soupy substance called which of the following? (1. Bolus 2. Bile 3. Chyme 4. Feces)

3. Chyme

What are the two functions of the male and female sex organs? (1. Production of all cells and production of hormones 2. Production of interstitial cells and production of hormones 3. Production of gametes and production of hormones 4. Production of gametes and production of interstitial cells)

3. Production of gametes and production of hormones

Which of the following statements is anatomically correct? (1. the knee is distal to the ankle 2. the heart is inferior to the diaphragm 3. the hip is proximal to the knee 4. the wrist is proximal to the elbow)

3. the hip is proximal to the knee

If you wanted to separate the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity, which plane would you use? (1. sagittal 2. transverse 3. frontal 4. coronal)

2. transverse

you have been given a sample of tissue that has pillar shaped cells arranged tightly together. the tissue you have is: (1. squamous epithelium 2. cuboidal epithelium 3. columnar epithelium 4. transitional epithelium)

3. columnar epithelium

the epidermis is classified as an: (1. cell 2. tissue 3. organ 4. system)

2. tissue

within which layer of the skin does mitosis occur? (1. stratum lucidum 2. stratum granulosum 3. stratum corneum 4. stratum germinativium)

4. stratum germinativium

the orthopedic surgeon informs you that you have broken the middle region of the humerus. what area is he describing? (1. epiphysis 2. articular cartilage 3. perichondrium 4. diaphysis)

4. diaphysis

going from superior to inferior, the sequence of the vertebral column is what? (5 total)

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx

the cells that form compact bone are called: (1. osteoclasts 2. neuroglia 3. osteoblasts 4. cancellous)

3. osteoblasts

which of the following is true of skeletal muscle? (1. skeletal muscle comprises 10% of the body's weight 2. skeletal muscle attaches to bones by tendons 3. muscle contraction helps keep the body warm 4. skeletal muscles continuously contract to maintain posture)

2, 3, and 4

what is needed for a muscle cell to contract?

calcium and ATP

if an impulse of traveling from a sense receptor toward the spinal cord, it is traveling along what type of neuron? (1. motor (efferent) neuron 2. sensory (afferent) neuron 3. interneuron 4. bipolar neuron)

2. sensory (afferent) neuron

what does the parathyroid hormone regulate? (1. magnesium 2. calcium 3. calcitonin 4. glucocorticoids)

2. calcium

where are the pressoreceptors and chemoreceptors located? (1. circle of willis 2. cerebral arteries 3. abdominal aorta 4. carotid body)

4. carotid body

bile is secreted into what organ? (1. small intestine 2. liver 3. large intestine 4. stomach)

1. small intestine

what is the role of progesterone in the female reproductive system? (1. stimulates ovulation 2. conversion of the follicle to the corpus luteum 3. stimulates the development of the endometrium 4. stimulates the start of menstruation)

3. stimulates the development of the endometrium

cells found on internal surface of stomach, no extracellular matric, cells tall and thin, no blood vessels in the tissue: what type of tissue is this? (1. epithelial 2. connective 3. muscle 4. cartilage 5. nervous)

1. epithelial

which of the following proteins catalyzes different reactions or processes? (1. keratin 2. hormone 3. enzyme 4. collagen)

3. enzyme

how do phospholipids function in cells? (1. they are integral components of the plasma membrane 2. they are integral components of the nuclear membrane 3. they are integral components of the mitochondrial membrane 4. they are integral components of the cytoplasmic skeleton)

1. they are integral components of the plasma membrane

which of the following describes carbohydrates? (1. they serve as fuel for the body 2. they are present in DNA but not in RNA 3. they are the least abundant biomolecule 4. they cannot be stored in the body)

1. they serve as fuel for the body

which of the biologic molecules are considered the most significant contributors to cellular function? (1. carbohydrates 2. lipids 3. proteins 4. nucleic acids)

3. proteins

nerve tissue is composed of neurons and connective tissue cells that are referred to as which of the following? (1. osteoblasts 2. neuroglia 3. osteocytes 4. arterioles)

2. neuroglia

in what area of the body would you expect to find an especially thick stratum corneum? (1. back of hand 2. heel of foot 3. abdomen 4. over the shin)

2. heel of foot

testicular activity in under the control of which hormone(s)? (1. FSH 2. LH 3. GH 4. Both FSH & LH)

4. Both FSH & LH

which hormone initiates the preparation of the endometrium of the uterus for pregnancy? (1. FSH 2. Estrogen 3. LH 4. Progesterone)

2. Estrogen

Jeffrey has contracted bulbar poliomyelitis, and it has affected the medulla oblongata. The doctors warned the family that his condition is grave and death may be imminent. What functions of the medulla oblongata have warranted such a dire prognosis? (1. the medulla oblongata contains vital centers that control heart action, blood vessel diameter, and respiration 2. the medulla oblongata contains neural connections of the reticular-activating system 3. the medulla oblongata contains the pineal gland, which controls the vital centers 4. the medulla oblongata contains the corpora quadrigemina, which controls the neural transmission of impulses along the spinal cord)

1. the medulla oblongata contains vital centers that control heart action, blood vessel diameter, and respiration

what is the cytoplasm of each muscle fiber filled with? (1. tissues 2. sarcomeres 3. myofibrils 4. myofibers)

3. myofibrils

what is the innermost layer of the epidermis? (1. stratum lucidum 2. stratum basale 3. stratum spinosum 4. stratum granulosum)

2. stratum basale

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ approaches may be used to study gross anatomy. (1. systematic; developmental 2. microscopic; developmental 3. systematic; regional 4. regional; microscopic)

3. systematic; regional

_ _ _ _ _ _ __ is found in the outer layer of skin, lining of organs, blood and lymph vessels and body cavities. (1. muscle tissue 2. epithelial tissue 3. nervous tissue 4. connective tissue)

2. epithelial tissue

where are accessory bones most commonly found? (1. legs 2. fingers 3. neck 4. feet)

4. feet

What is not a factor that inhibits GH secretion? (1. hyperglycemia 2. REM sleep 3. elevated plasma levels of amino acids 4. cortisol)

3. elevated plasma levels of amino acids

_ _ _ _ _ _ __ act as levers that are pulled by contraction of muscles. (1. flat bones 2. long bones 3. short bones 4. irregular bones)

2. long bones

which layer is next to the stratum corneum? (1. stratum lucidum 2. stratum granulosum 3. stratum basale 4. stratum spinosum)

1. stratum lucidum

which part of the skin is called the subcutaneous layer? (1. dermis 2. hypodermis 3. alpha dermis 4. epidermis)

2. hypodermis

what is another name for frontal plane? (1. oblique 2. coronal 3. median 4. horizontal)

2. coronal

what is another name for median plane? (1. oblique 2. coronal 3. sagittal 4. vertical)

3. sagittal

covering and lining epithelium is not grouped into _ _ _ _ _ _ __ according to arrangement of layers. (1. pseudo-stratified epithelium 2. stratified epithelium 3. simple epithelium 4. connective epithelium)

4. connective epithelium

what structural level comes after chemical level? (1. tissue 2. organ system 3. organ 4. cellular)

4. cellular

what are connecting and central neurons also called? (1. sensory neurons 2. motor neurons 3. afferent neurons 4. interneurons)

4. interneurons

which part of the skin has no blood supply? (1. dermis 2. hypodermis 3. alpha dermis 4. epidermis)

4. epidermis

the three kinds of membranes are…. (1. mucous, serous, and nerve 2. mucous, serous, and synovial 3. nerve, serous, and synovial 4. mucous, nerve, and synovial)

2. mucous, serous, and synovial

connective tissues of the body are classified into _ _ _ _ _ _ connective tissue and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ connective tissue. (1. embryonic, adult 2. transitional, developmental 3. multicultural, adult 4. developmental, embryonic)

1. embryonic, adult

which is not one of the functional classifications of neurons? (1. interneurons 2. motor neurons 3. accessory neurons 4. sensory neurons)

3. accessory neurons

which complex protein are thin myofilaments composed of? (1. myofibrils 2. sarcomere 3. actin 4. myosin)

3. actin --------> there two types of myofilaments: thick filaments, composed primarily of the contractile protein myosin, and thin filaments, composed primarily of the contractile protein actin.

Which arm bone is most proximal to the shoulder? (1. radius 2. ulna 3. humerus 4. carpal)

3. humerus

somatotropin is secreted by the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (1. pituitary gland 2. adrenal glands 3. hypothalamus 4. thyroid)

1. pituitary gland

which is an anterior muscle? (1. gluteus maximus 2. quadriceps femoris 3. biceps femoris 4. adductor magnus)

2. quadriceps femoris

how might the headrest on a car prevent traumatic injury? (1. by limiting hyperflexion of the neck 2. by limiting hyperextension of the neck 3. by reducing vertebral compression 4. by preventing disc degeneration)

2. by limiting hyperextension of the neck

which might you expect to see in a whiplash injury? (1. cardiopulmonary problems 2. side to side spinal curvature 3. eventual herniation of discs 4. traumatic injury to ligaments)

4. traumatic injury to ligaments

muscle contractions that normally move food along the human digestive system are known as _ _ _ _ _ _ __ (1. defecation 2. osmosis 3. peristalsis 4. circulation)

3. peristalsis

which type of nutrient does not provide the body with energy? (1. vitamin 2. carbohydrate 3. fat 4. protein)

1. vitamin

where would you be likely to find a Schwaan cell? (1. digestive system 2. nervous system 3. skeletal system 4. muscular system)

2. nervous system

how does the nervous system work with the muscular system? (1. the muscles of the body produce chemicals that feed the nerves 2. the nervous system tells the muscles how to respond to the environment 3. the nervous system releases chemicals that move excess waste from muscles 4. the muscular system provides input that allows the nerves to make decisions)

2. the nervous system tells the muscles how to respond to the environment

which part of the nervous system includes the femoral, radial, and ulnar nerves? (1. somatic 2. autonomic 3. sympathetic 4. parasympathetic)

1. somatic

where might a herniated lumbar disc be most likely to create pain? (1. along the radial nerve 2. within the spinal cord 3. along the sciatic nerve 4. along the tibial nerve)

3. along the sciatic nerve

what is the name of the bone in the human thigh? (1. ulna 2. radius 3. femur 4. humerus)

3. femur

of the following processes, which one is a different level of defense from the others? (1. a low pH in the stomach 2. cilia present in the trachea 3. body cells recognizing a pathogen 4. mucus present in the nasal cavity)

3. body cells recognizing a pathogen

which organ system is primarily responsible for regulating muscle growth? (1. skeletal system 2. endocrine system 3. nervous system 4. reproductive system)

2. endocrine system

which parts of the heart are separated by the mitral valve? (1. left atrium and right atrium 2. right atrium and right ventricle 3. left ventricle and right ventricle 4. left atrium and left ventricle)

4. left atrium and left ventricle * note: mitral valve is an alternative name for the bicuspid valve or left atrioventricular valve

how might vitamin D deficiency present? (1. as bleeding gums 2. as swollen extremities 3. as red patches 4. as crooked bones)

4. as crooked bones

how does the lymphatic sytem work with the circulatory system? (1. the circulatory system produces red blood cells for the lymphatic system 2. lymph draws excess fluid from the cells and deposits it into the blood vessels 3. the heart regulates the production of lymph in the lymph glands 4. white cells from the lymphatic system eliminate excess red blood cells)

2. lymph draws excess fluid from the cells and deposits it into the blood vessels

what is the function of parathyroid hormone? (1. increasing energy levels 2. stimulating cell reproduction 3. speeding up metabolism 4. activating vitamin D)

4. activating vitamin D

which feauture of the ear is most medial? (1. pinna 2. tympanic membrane 3. cochlea 4. outer canal)

3. cochlea

which of the following are considered normal values for the measure of a person's pulse and blood pressure? (1. 55 bpm and 75/60 mm Hg 2. 72 bpm and 120/80 mm Hg 3. 100 bpm and 140/100 mm Hg 4. 160 bpm and 100 over 70 mm Hg)

2. 72 bpm and 120/80 mm Hg

how does a sagittal section divide the body? (1. into right and left regions 2. into upper and lower regions 3. into front and back regions 4. between the dorsal and ventral cavities)

1. into right and left regions * note: sagittal is also known as the median plane

how is pepsin used by the body? (1. to break down proteins 2. to break down starches 3. to emulsify fats and oils 4. to absorb water and nutrients)

1. to break down proteins

which mineral supports the function of the thyroid? (1. manganese 2. iodine 3. phosphorus 4. zinc)

2. iodine. Iodine is the key mineral in thyroid hormone production. Iodine deficiency can cause a goiter, swelling of the thyroid gland.

the cheekbones are _ _ _ _ _ _ __ to the nose (1. anterior 2. proximal 3. deep 4. lateral)

2. proximal

which organ system is primarily responsible for generating antibodies? (1. endocrine system 2. digestive system 3. lymphatic system 4. nervous system)

3. lymphatic system

the lateral side of the right knee would be (1. the kneecap 2. closest to the left knee 3. farthest from the left knee 4. in the underside of the knee)

3. farthest from the left knee

in which part of the lungs do nearly all the gaseous exchanges between air and blood take place? (1. pleura 2. trachea 3. bronchioles 4. alveoli)

4. alveoli

how do the intercostal muscles between the ribs assist with respiration? (1. by protecting the delicate bronchioles and alveoli 2. by signaling a decrease in intra-alveolar pressure 3. by enlarging and reducing the space in the thorax 4. by maintaining a medial separation between pleurae)

3. by enlarging and reducing the space in the thorax

in which organ do muscles push food into the stomach via peristalsis? (1. mouth 2. small intestine 3. epiglottis 4. esophagus)

4. esophagus

for the average person, what is true about caloric intake? (1. it should increase with age after age 25 2. it should decline with age after age 25 3. it should remain constant over a lifetime 4. it should decline and then increase with age)

2. it should decline with age after age 25

the corpus callosum facilitates communicaation between (1. the left and right brain 2. the skeletal and nervous systems 3. the brain and spinal cord 4. the thalamus and hypothalamus)

1. the left and right brain

how does the integumentary system work with the nervous system? (1. the integumentary system removes heat from the neurons in the nervous system 2. the nervous system circulates nurtrients outward to the integumentary system 3. touch input via the integumentary system sends messages to the nervous system 4. messages from the nervous system affect the coloro and texture of the skin)

3. touch input via the integumentary system sends messages to the nervous system

when the pulmonary valve and aortic valves are open, where can blood flow? (1. between the two ventricles of the heart 2. from atrium to ventricle within the heart 3. between the heart and the rest of the body 4. between the atria and the heart)

3. between the heart and the rest of the body

which might be a result of stenosis, or narrowing of a heart valve? (1. abdominal pain 2. blood clots 3. edema (swelling) in organs 4. irregular heartbeat)

4. irregular heartbeat

the human skull contains about how many bones? (1. about 5 2. about 30 3. about 60 4. about 210)

2. about 30 (28 to be exact)

the arteries are part of the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (1. nervous system 2. endocrine system 3. lymphatic system 4. cardiovascular system)

4. cardiovascular system