Europe as a Climate Power

A set of vocabulary flashcards based on the lecture notes regarding Europe's role as a climate power, including domestic policies, international diplomacy, and geopolitical shifts.

IPCC Working Group 1 report (2021)

A report described by Guterres as a 'code red for humanity', providing irrefutable evidence that greenhouse-gas emissions are choking the planet and putting billions of people at immediate risk.

Energy Union

An EU initiative designed to diversify energy sources, routes, and suppliers, especially regarding gas, while promoting high nuclear safety standards in third countries.

REPowerEU

An EU policy aimed at phasing out reliance on Russian gas by importing from alternative sources and investing in renewable energy.

Securitization of renewables

One of the three shifts in Europe's approach to energy security where renewable energy is moved to the center of European security policy.

Renewables extractivism

A form of 'EU green-realpolitik' characterized by policies focused on extracting renewable energy from third countries.

State interventionism

A shift in EU energy policy reflecting a changing economic model where the state intervenes in energy investment.

ERTA case (1971)

A legal judgment by the ECJ that allowed the Commission to gain the capacity for external representation.

EU environmental directives

Legislative acts that, according to Vogler (2023), initiate upwards of 80 per cent of member states' domestic environmental legislation.

Kyoto Protocol (1997)

An international treaty in which the EU played a central role during its development following the establishment of the UNFCCC.

COP15 Copenhagen (2009)

A climate summit generally viewed as a failure, occurring during the global financial crisis and the rise of BRIC countries.

COP21 Paris

A climate summit seen as a success that resulted in an aspiration to constrain global mean temperature increase to $1.5^\text{o}\text{C}$ and a framework for nationally determined contributions.

Nord Stream 2

An energy project whose relevance shifted significantly following the Ukraine war, which served as a turning point in EU energy security.

Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)

An internal EU policy cited as a source of contradiction to the Union's environmental leadership and green policies.

Climate refugees

A discussion topic related to the Arctic region, where melting ice is exposing raw materials and driving geopolitical rivalry.