DEH 1005 Week 2 Flashcards

Standards that regulate infection control

What are the different classifications of diseases?

1. Topographic

2. Anatomic

3. Physiological

4. Pathological

5. Etiologic

6. Juristic

7. Epidemiological

8. Statistical

What does topographic mean when discussing classification of diseases?

By bodily region or system

What does anatomic mean when discussing classification of diseases?

By organ or tissue

What does physiological mean when discussing classification of diseases?

By function or effect

What does pathological mean when discussing classification of diseases?

By nature of the disease process

What does etiologic mean when discussing classification of diseases?

Causal (what caused it?)

What does juristic mean when discussing classification of diseases?

By speed or advent of death

What does epidemiological mean when discussing classification of diseases?

Based on transmission modes, population distribution, and risk factors

What are the two types of disease?

Infectious (communicable) and Non-infectious (noncommunicable)

Describe infectious disease

• Includes bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and rickettsiae

• Requires a susceptible host

Describe non-infectious disease

• Diseases related to risk factors like age, genetics, lifestyle, stress, gender, systemic conditions, and nutritional status

• Requires a susceptible host

What are the ports of entry for diseases?

1. Respiratory

2. Eyes

3. Mucous membranes

4. Skin

5. Orally

What are the different methods to prevent disease?

1. Good hand hygiene

2. Hygienic personal habits

3. Avoiding cross contamination

4. Maintaining adequate sterilization and handling of sterile instruments and materials

5. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)

What is the single most important procedure to prevent cross-contamination?

Hand washing/Good hand hygiene

What are contact surfaces?

Anything we touch with our gloves

What are examples of contact surfaces?

Light switches, light handles, drawer handles, faucets, pens, pencils, computer mouse, and keyboard

What are the housekeeping surfaces?

Walls, floor, etc.

What two surfaces make up the operatory?

Contact surfaces and housekeeping surfaces

How do we sterilize and disinfect the operatory?

• Contact surfaces

  • Barrier most surfaces

  • Use an EPA registered hospital disinfectant like OPTUM and wipe down twice

• Housekeeping surfaces

  • Clean with water and a detergent

How do we sterilize and disinfect dental instruments?

1. Clean in thermal disinfector or ultrasonic

2. Autoclave (steam, chemi-clave, or dry heat)

3. Instruments get packaged, dated, and stored in a cool dry place

What does CDC stand for?

Center for Disease Control

What did the CDC do?

Establish a core set of infection prevention and control practices required in all healthcare settings regardless of the type of care provided

Do you have to do what the CDC says?

No. CDC recommendations are advisory (not legally mandated)

What are the CDC’s core infection prevention and control subcategories?

1. Leadership support

2. Education and training of healthcare personnel on infection prevention

3. Patient, family, and caregiver education

4. Performance monitoring and feedback

5. Standard precautions

6. Transmission-based precautions

7. Temporary invasive medical devices for clinical management

8. Occupational health

What constitutes the CDC’s standard precautions?

1. Hand hygiene

2. Environmental cleaning and disinfection

3. Injection and medication safety

4. Risk assessment with appropriate use of personal protective equipment

5. Minimizing potential exposures

6. Reprocessing reusable medical equipment

What are the ways cross contamination can occur?

• Person to person

• Person to object, then to another person

What are the components of PPE?

• Protective clothing like gowns

• Masks

• Eyewear

• Hair Covering

• Fingernails & Jewelry

• Hand Hygiene

Describe protective clothing as PPE

• Protects all skin from infectious materials

• Closed at the neck

• Can be disposable

• Should be stain and fluid resistant

• Long-fitted sleeves

• Goes to the knees

How do you remove protective clothing?

By turning it inside out

What are the characteristics of an ideal mask?

• Proper fit

• Moisture absorption

• Comfort

How often should you change your mask?

Every 1 hour

How should you NEVER wear your mask?

Under your chin

What are the components of eyewear as PPE?

• Should have side shields or be curved

• Shatterproof

• Lightweight and flexible

• Easily disinfected

• Preferred to be anti-static and anti-fog

Describe hair covering as PPE

• Hair should be off shoulders and out of face

• Head cover is recommended when using aerosol-producing instruments or tools

What are the requirements for fingernails and jewelry?

• Keep nails short, clean, and well cared for

• Avoid artificial nail tips

• Rings and watches are NOT recommended

Why should you avoid artificial nail tips?

They can harbor bacteria and fungal pathogens

When should you wash your hands?

Prior to AND after patient care

What surfaces should have a barrier on them?

• Light switches

• Light handles

• Drawer handles

• Faucets

• Pens and pencils

• Computer equipment

What are the two types of immunity?

Active and Passive

Describe active immunity

Exposure to disease organism triggers immune system to produce antibodies

• Natural immunity: infection with actual disease

• Vaccine-induced immunity: killed or weakened form of disease introduced through vaccination

Develops over time and is long lasting

Describe passive immunity

Provided when a person is given antibodies to a disease. Includes antibody containing blood products like immunoglobulin. Immediate protection but may only last for a few weeks or months

What is an example of passive immunity?

Babies getting antibodies to a disease from their mothers through their placenta