AP Euro Unit I literally don't know Im hungry and I'm tired >3<

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Why was there a decline in the death rates

More food and better transportation

What was the heart of social life?

Family

Was childhood important for all classes?

No only upper class families and morality rates rose up for children

What was a family economy?

Everyone in the family worked.

What led to paper notes and public/private banks

The decline in gold and silver

How did separating nation debt and the Monarchies debt do?

It allowed for larger armies

Did France succeed in banking like England did?

No they did not.

Why was there more food?

More/Better farmland and healthier livestock

What restored fertility in the soil?

Turnips and Clover

What did Tull discover

To plant seeds in rows

Were the changes available for everyone?

No, Privilege and taxes prevented this.

What did the fly shuttle do for Europe?

It made more quantities of textiles and the consumer revolution.

What did the improvement in equipment do for what workers?

It reduced the need for agricultural workers

What was trade like in the 18th century?

The trade was good and led to the growth of towns and textile manufactures

Where was the industrial revolution most successful?

Great Britain

What did inventions like the flying shuttle, spinning Jenny and power loom

It caused Laborers to live in new towns and work in factories

What did the new invention cause to eventually get made?

The steam Engine.

What did the steam engine do the industrial revolution?

ensured the success of the industrial revolution and also allowed for the flexibility of location.

What did the success of cotton lead to?

Success of the iron industry

What did the success of Iron do?

It led to transportation being changed and the demand for it helped economic growth.

What were the effects of the Industrial factory

It demanded a new discipline and led to economic growth.

What was the leading cause for population growth in Europe

Emigration and the end of the Bubonic Plague

What were the affects of the Urbanization in Britain?

Miserable conditions and cities made for manufacturing.

Who were the Urban Reformers?

They believed they were responsible for their fate and believed epidemic was caused by atmospheric impurities and advocated for sanitary reforms

What does the term Middle Class refer to?

It refers to commerce works, government officials, etc

What were two important industries for the middle class?

The land and Domestic industry

What did the luxury of trades to?

It formed an aristocacy

Did artisans support the industrialists?

No they did not support them but were still the largest urban workers in cities

What were conditions like for the working class?

Horrible, absolute ass cheeks. Would 100% suck to just exist as a child or a women.

What were the improvements of the industrial revolution?

There was a higher per capital/consumer and while employment did increase the wages were HORRIBLE couldn’t even buy a stale fucking bread.

What efforts where made to change?

Trade unions were created to limit amount of workers in a trade and gain benefits from employers

Who were the Luddites

They were skilled craftsmen who attacked machines.

Who were the Chartism?

They were the first important political movement of working men.

What else increased with Wealth?

The amount of poor people :3

What was the first success Governments had with reforms?

The factory acts 😄 Ex: Factory act of 1833

What did the Factory act of 1833?

Strengthen earlier legislation and allowed education for child workers.

Who was the leader of the Congress of Vienna?

Metternich

What was the goal of the congress of Vienna

Keep peace and prevent people like Napoleon causing a bunch wack ass crazy shenanigans

What was the principal of legitimacy?

It restored legitimate monarchs, (largely ignored tho)

Balance of Power

Prevent a dominate country

Ideology of Conservatism

Society was a contract and it was your job to preserve it and no change religion is big yes NO R EVOLUTIONS

Which Countries were involved in the concert of Europe

Russia, Prussia, Austria, Britain and France joined later :3

What was the principal of intervention and what did it do?

It allowed for Europe to send armies to countries with revolts but it also allowed for the only successful revolt in Europe at the time.

Was Latin America completely free?

They were not economically independent and relied on foreigners.

Were big reforms made while the Tories dominated politics in Britain?

No, there were not any big reforms made by the Tories

What did Charles X attempt to do but failed?

He attempted ministerial responsibility

Which group opposed the Bourbon family and why?

The Ultra royalists wanted the aristocracy back

Did the revolts in Italy and Spain succeed?

Despite their nationalistic dreams they were not successful.

Why was nationalism so dangerous to Austria?

They had a number of minorities/nationalities

Was Russia willing to make reforms?

They were until the revolts and became more strict.

Liberalism

Everybody should be free, laissez faire but it was NOT a democracy

Thomas Malthus

Misery was the law of nature

Davido Ricardo

More population means more death who cares

Political Liberalism

Freedom of assembly, separation of state and church

Nationalism

The awareness of being a part of a community and that each nationality should have their own government.

Early Socialism

Human cooperation and Tristan laid the groundwork for it based on the ideas of Fourier who wanted model-communities

France July Ordinances revolts

Liberal motives because of censorship and no legislative assembly

Revolts in Belgium, Poland and Italy

Nationalism goals but in the end failed

The Reform Act of 1832 in Britain

It gave industry workers a voice but the poor still didn’t have shit

What law repeal satisfied Britain?

The repeal of corn laws.

Who ruled the second republic of France

Napoleon III

What was Frankfurt’s goal?

To unite the Germanic states (excluding Austria) and wanting Frederick William IV to rule but he declined.

What was the city in Italy that kept their constitution.

Piedmont.

Why did the revolts fail in 1848?

The groups were not fully cooperating and while wanting autonomy they also refused it to the minorities

Characteristics of Romanticism

emphasized inner feelings, revived religion and interest in the past

What did Romanticists critique about science?

It left no room for the imagination

Artist Friedrich

God/Nature

Artist Turner

Nature/landscape

Artist Delacroix

Exotic

What were one of the good things Napoleon III do for France?

He reconstructed to make it easier to put down revolts (no barricades!)

What was Napoleon III fatal flaw?

His foreign policy sucked balls (mexican liberals killed his emperor)

Crimean War

Russia’s war on the Ottoman empire would cause an imbalance of power so France and Britain were like ah hell nah gang

What was the end result of the Crimean War?

Concert of Europe BROKE UP 💔

What did Cavour do for the unification of Italy?

He was Liberal-minded and allied with France but France betrayed them.

What did Garibaldi do for the unification of Italy?

He won with tactics but had to retire and gtfo

What trade union did have Prussia have that was super successful and excluded Austria

Zollverein

What were Bismarck’s goals?

Isolate Austria (betray them first though with the two duchies) Got parliament to agree to idemity, embarrassed France but allowed for them to start a 3rd Republic!

What did Unification mean for Germany?

It meant militaristic values over liberal ones

Did unification for Germany no divisions?

No they still had a lot and would fail to develop Germany

What did Industrialization do to Europe?

Eliminated Trade Barriers

Marxism

a classless society

Why was Louis Pasteur so important?

He discovered germs and started Pasteurization (heating shit up to prevent germs)

Why was this new age of science so important?

There were new practical uses

Faraday

discovered electromagnetic induction and was the foundation for the creation electricity.

Materialism

Everything was a result of physical forces

Did medical schools have strict standards?

Not until the end of the19th century

Could women be in medical school?

Parliament gave them the right to qualify but there was no full membership until 1915

Auguste Comte

Postive knowledge based on a hierarchy of all sciences

Realism

so real also hated middle class

Austria’s dual monarchy

freed the serfs but imperial parliament sought to alienate minorities

Ausgleich

Gave independence to Hungary however this still enabled the domination of minorities and would persist until World War I

Was burdening the Russia system the most?

Serfdom

Zemstvos

Moderate self government that was successful

Why did Alexander III resort back to being oppressive

The successful assassination of Alexander II after reformers wanted more

Britain Victorian Age

The extension of Franchise benefited Conservatives and was a win for Liberals