Core ideologies key thinkers

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

Revolutionary Socialists (fundamental)

Beatrice Webb

Democratic socialist (fundamentalist)

Rosa Luxemburg

Revolutionary socialist (fundamentalist)

Anthony Crosland

Social democrat (revisionist)

Anthony Giddens

Third Way socialist (revisionist)

Marx - The Communist Manifesto

“The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggle”

Luxemburg - the Russian Revolution

“Freedom is always and exclusively freedom for the one who thinks differently”

Webb - address to Labour party conference in 1928

the “inevitability of gradualness”

Crosland - the Future of Socialism (1956)

“the time has come for socialists to concentrate on equality and the means of achieving it”

Crosland

"If it's the last thing I do, I'm going to destroy every f***ing grammar school in England. And Wales. And Northern Ireland”

Giddens - the Third Way (1998)

“the key question for progressive politics is how to respond to globalisation”

Thomas Hobbes

Traditional conservative (authority)

Edmund Burke

Traditional conservative (institutions)

Michael Oakeshott

Traditional conservative (pragmatism)

Ayn Rand

New Right conservative (freedom)

Robert Nozick

New Right conservative (libertarian)

Benjamin Disraeli

not key thinker - One Nation conservative

Margaret Thatcher

not key thinker - New Right conservative

Hobbes - Leviathan (1651)

“Life in the state of nature is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short”

Burke - Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790)

“society is a partnership between the dead, the living, and those yet to be born”

Oakeshott - Rationalism in Politics (1962)

“to be conservative is to prefer the familiar to the unknown, the tried to the untried”

Rand - Atlas Shrugged (1957)

"the small state is the strong state"

Nozick - Anarchy, State and Utopia (1974)

"taxation of earnings from labour is on par with forced labour”

Disraeli - Speech in 1848

“the palace is not safe when the cottage is not happy”

Thatcher

“There is no such thing as society. There are individual men and women and there are families”

John Locke

Classical liberal (social contract)

Mary Wollstonecraft

Classical liberal (reason)

John Stuart Mill

Classical liberal (harm principle)

John Rawls

Modern liberal (justice and difference)

Betty Friedan

Modern liberal (equality)

Locke - Two Treatises of Government (1640)

“Government has no other end but the preservation of property”

Wollstonecraft - a Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792)

“I do not wish women to have power over men; but over themselves”

Mill - On Liberty (1859)

“The only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilised community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others”

Rawls - A Theory of Justice (1971)

“Justice is the first virtue of social institutions, as truth is of systems of thought”,

“The principles of justice are chosen behind a veil of ignorance”

Friedan - the Feminine Mystique (1968)

“the problem that has no name”