Organic Chemistry Reactions Overview

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts from organic chemistry reactions, aiding in understanding and recall for exam preparation.

Markovnikov's Rule

States that in the addition of HX to alkenes, the halide (X) is added to the more substituted carbon.

Anti-Markovnikov Addition

Refers to the addition of HBr to alkenes where the bromide is added to the least substituted carbon.

Halohydrin Formation

A reaction where a dihalide reacts with water to yield a halohydrin, following Markovnikov's rule.

Oxymercuration-Demercuration

A reaction process that adds OH to alkenes in a Markovnikov and anti-planar fashion.

Hydroboration-Oxidation

A two-step reaction that converts alkenes to alcohols with anti-Markovnikov selectivity.

Catalytic Hydrogenation

The addition of hydrogen (H2) across a double bond, resulting in a saturated alkane.

Glycol Synthesis

The conversion of an alkene into a glycol through oxidation methods involving OsO4 or KMnO4.

Ozonolysis

A reaction that cleaves double bonds with ozone (O3), producing carbonyl compounds.

Carbene Addition

A reaction that involves the formation of cyclopropanes from alkenes using carbenes.

Grignard Reagent

A reactant formed from an alkyl or aryl halide and magnesium, used to form alcohols by reaction with carbonyl compounds.

Ethanol dehydration

A process that converts alcohols to alkenes using acid catalysis.

Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution

A reaction in which a nucleophile attacks an acyl compound, leading to the formation of an acyl-substituted product.

Aldehyde Reduction

The conversion of aldehydes into primary alcohols using reducing agents like Grignard reagents.