Nutrition Chapter 10

Percursors

What term describes vitamins that are inactive in food but become active once inside the body

Depends on many factors, such as how the food was prepared

The bioavailability of vitamins in food

Water soluble need to be consumed more frequently

One difference between water soluble vitamins and fat soluble vitamins is that ______

Are organic

Vitamins can readily be destroyed during processing because they _____

Energy metabolism

B vitamins have a major role in ____

DNA synthesis

What is NOT a role of thiamin

Beriberi

What disease can result from prolonged thiamin deficiency

Broccoli

What is the richest source of folate (vegetable)

Cigarette smokers

The risk of thiamin deficiency is doubled in _____

It is easily destroyed by heat

What is true about thiamin

Serve as coenzymes in energy metabolism

Riboflavin is similar to thiamin in that both _____

Purplish tongue

What is a symptom of riboflavin deficiency

Ariboflavinosis

A deficiency of riboflavin can cause a disease known as ______

Milk and milk products

What is the greatest contributor of riboflavin in most peoples diet

Riboflavin

Milk is sold in plastic containers to prevent what from being destroyed by UV light

Liver

What is the best source of riboflavin

Riboflavin

A deficiency of which vitamin causes cheilosis, a condition in which the corners of the mouth become cracked and red

It remains stable when exposed to heat

What is true about riboflavin

Glucose

The coenzyme form of niacin is central to the metabolism of _____

Pharmacological effect that occurs from taking large doses of supplemental or prescription niacin

What is niacin flush

Niacin

Which vitamin is known to be toxic in large doses

Chicken breast

What is the best source of niacin

A good source is egg whites

What is NOT true of biotin

There is insufficient research on biotin requirements

There is no RDA for biotin because _____

Pantothenic acid

What vitamin is easily destroyed by food processing

B6

Which B vitamin is stored extensively in muscle tissue

Banana

What is the best source of vitamin B6

It occurs in three forms

What is true of vitamins B6

Alcohol

What substances contributes to the destruction of vitamin B6 in the body

Depression and confusion in the early stages

Vitamin B6 deficiency is characterized by

The GI tract is injured

Because of the way in which the body handles folate, a folate deficiency can occur if ______

B1

Which which B vitamin does folate have a close relationship

To prevent neural tube defects, such as spinal bifida

Why is folate supplementation recommended for women 1 month before conception and during the first trimester of pregnancy

Vitamin B12

High intakes of folate can mask a deficiency of which nutrient

Impaired B12 absorption

Which of the following is NOT an effect of folate deficiency

Older adults

Which group is more prone to vitamin B12 deficiency

Poor absorption

What is the main cause of vitamin B12 deficiency

It works closely with thiamin

Which is NOT true of vitamin B12

Milk

What has the greatest vitamin B12 bioavailability

It is not a B vitamin but is grouped together

What is true of choline

Usually cured within 5 days of treatment with 100 milligrams of vitamin C daily

Survey, the deficiency disease of vitamin C, is ____

It helps form collagen

What is a function of vitamin C

Iron

The synthesis of collagen requires vitamin C to work with what other nutrient

Adrenal glands

What organ in the body contains more vitamin C than any other organ

Physical activity

What is NOT known to increase vitamin C needs

Poor wound healing

What is a symptom of scurvy

Oxidative stress of free radicals

From what does vitamin C protects tissues

30

About what percentage of US adults take a multivitamin-mineral supplement regularly

Iron supplements

What type of supplement is particularly toxic and has caused deaths in children

Food and drug administration

Which federal agency regulates dietary supplements

Pork

What is the richest food source of thiamin