Isolating clove oil from cloves using steam distillation

purpose of the experiment

Use reactions with bromine, potassium permanganate, and iron (III) chloride to characterize the product.

1) codistillation

2) Steam distillation

1) is distillation of two compounds are not miscible.

2) distillation when one of the compounds is water.

- avoids decomposition that might occur at the normal point.

Dalton's law

- Pt = P1 + P2

- Two immiscible liquids are distilled, the total vapor pressure Pt above the liquid is equal to the sum of the vapor pressures of each compound.

- Ideal situation

Essential oil

any of a class of volatile oils that give plants their characteristic odors and are used especially in perfumes and flavorings, and for aromatherapy

Bromine (Br2)

-It reacts with the double bond to form a colorless compound. A positive test is the disappearance of the red color

- Test the presence of unsturation

Potassium permanganate

-A positive test is the disappearance of the purple KMnO4 and the appearance of MnO2 as a brown percipitate.

- test for the presence of double or triple bonds in a molecule, s

semi-microscale steam distillation process

1) Grind the cloves with mortar and pestle

2) Place the ground cloves and water in the distillation flask

3) Assemble the steam distillation apparatus

4) Distill the mixture

5) Extract the clove oil into dichloromethane layer with anhydrous Na2SO4

6) Remove the dichloromethane from the clove oil by distillation.

7) weigh the clove oil.

Eugenol acetate

has a higher Rf value than eugenol.

When all of the clove oil reacted with Br2,

A pale yellow color will remain.

Raoult's law

- law that relates the the vapor pressure of a solution is dependent on the mole fraction of a solute added to solution

- Psolution = ΧsolventP0solvent