Psychopharmacology Notes

A comprehensive set of fill-in-the-blank flashcards based on psychopharmacology lecture notes for study and review.

Antidepressants are primarily used in the treatment of __________.

Major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, and psychotic depression.

Tricyclic antidepressants work by blocking the reuptake of __________ and __________.

serotonin and norepinephrine.

The therapeutic effect of antidepressants typically takes __________ weeks to reach.

4-6 weeks.

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) were first available in __________.

1987.

Antidepressants can be used off-label for pain management and treating __________ disorders.

sleep apnea and eating disorders.

MAO inhibitors are rarely prescribed now due to the risk of __________ crises.

hypertensive.

Foods containing __________ should be avoided when taking MAOIs.

tyramine.

Examples of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors include Fluoxetine (Prozac) and __________.

Sertraline (Zoloft).

The most common side effects of MAO inhibitors include daytime sedation, __________, and weight gain.

insomnia.

Mirtazapine increases serotonin and norepinephrine and is known for causing __________.

sedation and increased appetite.

Anticonvulsants are used as mood stabilizers and may include __________ and __________ acid.

carbamazepine and valproic.

Benzodiazepines mediate the actions of __________ in the brain.

GABA.

Most commonly prescribed benzodiazepines for sleep include Temazepam and __________.

Flurazepam.

Side effects of benzodiazepines include drowsiness, sedation, and __________.

poor coordination.

The main stimulant drugs used to treat ADHD are methylphenidate, amphetamine, and __________.

dextroamphetamine.

Stimulants increase the release of neurotransmitters such as __________ and __________.

norepinephrine and dopamine.

Disulfiram (Antabuse) causes an adverse reaction when __________ is ingested.

alcohol.

The mechanism of action for disulfiram inhibits __________, leading to increased acetaldehyde levels.

aldehyde dehydrogenase.

The effective dose of Lithium is determined by monitoring __________ levels.

serum lithium.

Serotonin syndrome can occur from taking an MAOI and an __________ together.

SSRI.

MAOIs can potentially cause __________ reaction leading to severe hypertensive crises.

food-drug interactions.

Bupropion (Wellbutrin) inhibits the reuptake of __________ and __________.

norepinephrine and dopamine.

Side effects of SSRIs include anxiety, agitation, and __________ dysfunction.

sexual.

Insomnia and excessive sweating are common side effects of __________.

SNRIs.

Tricyclic antidepressants can cause simple side effects such as dry mouth and ________________ .

constipation.

The usual lithium therapeutic range is __________.

0.5-1.5 mEq/L.

Trazodone is known to cause sedation and __________ as side effects.

headaches.

The client should be informed about dietary restrictions when taking __________.

MAO inhibitors.

Buspirone is a nonbenzodiazepine used for the treatment of __________.

anxiety.

Clients taking MAOIs should avoid aged cheeses and __________ products.

fermented.

The main therapeutic use of lithium is for __________ disorder.

bipolar.

A common symptom of serotonin syndrome includes __________ swift reaction.

agitation.

The half-life of benzodiazepines can vary but is often considered __________ hours.

intermediate.

Anxiolytics are often used to treat depression and __________ disorders.

insomnia.

Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq) is considered a __________ compound.

other.

Client education for mood stabilizers emphasizes the importance of monitoring __________.

blood levels.

Symptoms of disulfiram-alcohol reaction can last for __________ hours.

2.

Non-stimulant options for ADHD may include Atomoxetine and __________.

Viloxazine.

SEROTONIN, NOREPINEPHRINE, AND DOPAMINE are all neurotransmitters associated with __________.

mood regulation.

Side effects of anticonvulsants can include dizziness and __________ severe reactions.

serious.

The therapeutic range for lithium levels is __________.

0.5-1.5 mEq/L.

SSRIs are currently the first line of treatment for __________.

depression.

Symptoms of hypertension crises include severe headaches and __________.

blurring vision.

Increased appetite and sedation are commonly associated with __________.

Mirtazapine.

Buspirone does not cause __________ dependence compared to benzodiazepines.

chemical.

Acamprosate is used to help diminish __________ symptoms during sobriety.

withdrawal.

Monitoring liver function is crucial when taking __________ acid.

valproic.

When stopping benzodiazepines, it is vital to avoid __________ cessation.

abrupt.

Client education on antidepressants should include the importance of adherence to the __________ regime.

medication.

Benzodiazepines should be taken with caution due to potential for __________ effect.

sedative.

Before administering MAOIs, check for possible interactions with __________ medications.

other.

Notable side effects of Lithium include metallic taste and __________ .

tremor.

Vortioxetine and Vilazodone represent the newer generation of __________ antidepressants.

atypical.

Phenelzine and Tranylcypromine are examples of __________ inhibitors.

MAO.

While taking SNRIs, clients should report any signs of increased __________.

blood pressure.

Common foods to avoid with MAOIs include tap beers and __________.

aged meats.

Antidepressants such as Duloxetine are frequently prescribed for chronic __________.

pain.

Serotonin reuptake inhibitors must be monitored for possible cardiovascular __________.

complications.

Antidepressant medications usually take about four to __________ weeks to become effective.

six.

Client teaching around anticonvulsants should focus on avoiding __________.

alcohol.

Effects of benzodiazepines can be dangerous especially in __________ clients.

older.

Antidepressants can have significant interactions with __________ medications.

psychoactive.

Do not drink alcohol while taking __________ to avoid severe reactions.

Disulfiram.

Common side effects of stimulants may include decreased __________ and increased irritability.

appetite.

Stimulants like Amphetamine can facilitate the release of dopamine which is essential for __________ quality.

attention.

Medication education with clients should include understanding potential __________ of use.

risks.

Toxic levels of lithium can lead to complications including __________ failure.

renal.

Disulfiram causes an adverse reaction by inhibiting alcohol metabolism and raising __________ levels.

acetaldehyde.

Antidepressants should be cautiously managed in patients with a history of __________.

seizures.

Psychological dependence on benzodiazepines is often due to fear of __________ return.

anxiety.

Nausea and gastrointestinal upset are common side effects of __________.

antidepressants.

Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors are known for their effect on both __________ and __________.

serotonin and norepinephrine.

Monitoring blood levels for mood stabilizers is vital every __________ days or as dictated.

2-3.

The primary aim of psychopharmacology is to improve mental health symptoms through __________.

medications.

Bupropion can lower the threshold for __________ which is a significant concern for some patients.

seizures.

Mood stabilizers like Lithium need to be carefully monitored to avoid toxicity in __________ treatment.

bipolar.

SSRIs function by preventing the reuptake of serotonin in the __________ neuron.

presynaptic.

Drugs typically used to treat anxiety disorders should be noted for their __________ potential.

addiction.

Non-benzodiazepines like Buspirone have less risk for __________ than traditional anxiolytics.

dependence.

Avoiding food interactions is crucial for patients taking __________ inhibitors.

MAO.

Decreasing anxiety is one of the primary indications for prescribing __________ medications.

anxiolytic.

The withdrawal from benzodiazepines may cause severe __________ and anxiety.

rebound.

Monitor carbamazepine for risk of __________ blood disorders.

serious.

Educating clients on the duration and effects of treatment is vital for __________ adherence.

medication.

Common side effects when combining antidepressants with alcohol should be accessed for __________ risks.

dangerous.

Functional changes in mood are often achieved through effective __________ medication management.

pharmacological.

Client safety with mood stabilizers should incorporate education on recognizing __________ toxicity signs.

lithium.

Weight gain can be a troubling side effect of several types of __________ medications.

psychotropic.

Medications that block norepinephrine reuptake help stabilize mood through __________ mechanisms.

physiological.

Using atypical antidepressants may reduce the chances of __________ side effects when treating depression.

sexual.

Effective management of ADHD typically requires monitoring in high-demand __________ environments.

academic.

Monitoring long-term effects of Lithium treatment is critical to preventing __________ dysfunction.

kidney.

Side effects should be weighed against benefits when considering __________ medications.

psychotropic.

Psychostimulants function primarily to enhance _________ regulation in ADHD.

neurotransmitter.

Educational responsibility involves ensuring clients understand the importance of __________ restrictions during MAOI therapy.

dietary.

Showing potential side effects from long-term use of SSRIs might include increased __________.

weight.

MAO inhibitors, ketamine, and SSRIs are notable for their roles in addressing __________ disorders.

depressive.

Identification of the correct pharmacotherapy is based on comprehensive clinical __________ during evaluation.

assessment.

Proper utilization and education about __________ can prevent complications with anticonvulsant therapy.

monitoring.

Benzodiazepines often have significant interactions with __________ substances leading to heightened risks.

alcohol.