OIA1004 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM I

Q:What are the two main zones of the respiratory system?

A:Conducting zone and respiratory zone.

Q:What is the primary function of the conducting zone?

A:To filter, warm, and moisten air and conduct it into the lungs.

Q:Name the major structures included in the conducting zone.

A:Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles.

Q:What is the function of the respiratory zone?

A:It is the main site of gas exchange.

Q:List the structures found in the respiratory zone.

A:Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli.

Q:What is the external nose?

A:The visible part of the nose on the face, supported by bone and hyaline cartilage.

Q:What are the three regions of the pharynx?

A:Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.

Q:What is the role of the larynx?

A:It connects the laryngopharynx with the trachea and houses the vocal cords.

Q:What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

A:Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

Q:What is the carina?

A:The internal ridge where the trachea divides into the right and left primary bronchi.

Q:How many lobes does the right lung have?

A:Three lobes (superior, middle, inferior).

Q:How many lobes does the left lung have?

A:Two lobes (superior and inferior).

Q:What is the function of the pleura?

A:It is a serous membrane that surrounds the lungs, reducing friction and producing surface tension.

Q:What are the two types of alveolar cells?

A:Type I alveolar cells and Type II alveolar cells.

Q:What is the primary function of Type I alveolar cells?

A:They form a continuous lining of the alveolar wall and are the main sites of gas exchange.

Q:What do Type II alveolar cells secrete?

A:Alveolar fluid and surfactant.

Q:What is the role of alveolar macrophages?

A:They remove fine dust particles from the alveoli.

Q:What is the respiratory membrane composed of?

A:Alveolar wall, epithelial basement membrane, capillary basement membrane, and capillary endothelium.

Q:What is the significance of the thinness of the respiratory membrane?

A:It allows for rapid diffusion of gases.

Q:What is the function of the epiglottis?

A:It prevents food or fluid from entering the airways during swallowing.

Q:What is the primary bronchus?

A:The passageway that branches from the trachea into the right and left lungs.

Q:What is the function of the nasal conchae?

A:They increase the surface area of the nasal cavity and help trap water droplets to prevent dehydration.

Q:What is the role of the diaphragm in respiration?

A:It contracts to allow inhalation and relaxes to allow exhalation.

Q:What is the significance of the pleural cavity?

A:It is the space between the layers of pleura that contains pleural fluid, reducing friction during breathing.

Q:How does the sympathetic nervous system affect bronchiolar smooth muscle?

A:It causes relaxation of bronchiolar smooth muscle, leading to bronchodilation.