Neoclassicism

Neoclassicism

Renewal of classical ideas & antiquity (development of archaeology)

Enlightenment (Spirit of Optimism)

Cerebral
Rational drawing (morally better)

Simple geometry, clean & rectilinear planes

Jacques-Louis David

1748-1825. Jacobin Club member. Later became the First painter to Napoleon

Oath of the Horatii, 1784

The Death of Socrates, 1787

The Death of Marat, 1793

Leader of the Revolution, Sacrificial figure

Napoleon Crossing the Alps

Political propoganda, Equestrian pointing towards invisible submmit

Oath of the Horatii, Death of Socrates, The Death of Marat, Napoleon Crossing the Alps

Jacques-Louis David

Alexander-Pierre Vignon, Church of Mary Magdalene

Arc de Triomphe

Thomas Jefferson, Rotunda, UVA

Thomas Jefferson, Monticello, “Little Mountain”, The chief building on the back of the US nickel

Wedgwoods, white clay surface design, Greco-Roman motif

Neoclassicism vs. Romanticism

Neoclassicism emphasizes rationality, order, harmony, often with classicla themes, calm and restrained emotion.

Romanticism focuses on emotion, individualism, and the sublime, often with dramatic compositions and themes from nature and human passion.

Romanticism

Emphasis on imagination, emotion, subjectivity & originality of artist

Emerged as response to disillusionmnet with Enlightenment in aftermath of the French Revolution

Unpredictability, cataclysmic extremes, violent and terrifying images of nature

Man’s struggle against power of nature

Rejecting the lessons of Neoclassical history painting

Visible brushworks

Blurry details exaggerated the sensory aspect of texture and tone

J.M.W. Turner

British, 1775-1851

J.M.W. Turner, The Slave Ship

JMW Turner, Snow Storm

Francisco Goya, Spanish

Self-Portrait

Francisco Goya, The Third of May, 1808: The Execution of the Defenders of Madrid

Manet, Execution of Emperor Maximilian, inspired by Goya’s painting & produced during Realism period

Picasso, Massacre in Korea, inspired by Goya, produced this piece during Cubism period

Goya, Saturn Devouring His Children, 1820

Théodore Géricault

French, 1791-1824

Géricault, Raft of Medusa, 1818

Corruption of French monarchy

Géricault, Portrait of the Insane

Eugène Delacroix

French, 1798-1863

Delacroix, The Barque of Dante

Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People

Statue of Liberty

Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi

Avant-Garde

from French, "advance guard" or "vanguard", referring to the radical movement of artist. New and unusual or experimental ideas, especially in the arts, or the people introducing them.

Photography

Drawing or writing with light

Daguerreotype

One of the first technology of photography, invented by Daguerre and patented in 1839 in France.

Camera Obscura

A light-proof box with a hole, called an aperture.

Realism

Avant-garde, sought to convey truthful depiction of contemproary life of working class, emerged in aftermath of Revolution of 1848, rejecting the idealized classicism of academic art and the exotic themes of Romanticism

Gustave Courbet, Stone Breakers

Millet, The Gleaners

Edouard Manet, Luncheon on the Grass

Titan, The PastorConcert

Raphael, Detail from the Judgment of Paris

Alexandre Cabanel, The Birth of Venus

Olympia

A Bar at the Folies-Bergere

Photography

“Drawing with light”

Subtractive method of drawing

Camera Obscura to see the image reflected on a surface

Daguerre, Daguerreotype of Samuel Finley Breese Morse

Daguerre, The Artist’s Studio

Daguerre patented the Daguerreotype

1839

Daguerre, Boulevard du Temple

Henry Peach Robinson, Fading Away (considered to be Victorian Noarrative or Pictorialism)

Frederick Douglass from a series of "Carte de Visites", 1863 by Edwin Burke Ives and Reuben L. Andrews.

Produced from his visit to Hillsdale College

Alexander Gardner, The Home of the Rebel Sharpshooter: Battlefield at Gettysburg

Matthew B. Brady, Dead Confederate Soldier with Gun