bio quiz 4

When metabolized to produce ATP, fatty acids first go through a process called

Beta oxidation

When metabolized to produce ATP, amino acids first have to lose their

Amine group

Energy+ CO2+H2O

The stuff that goes into chloroplast for photosynthesis

O2 and glucose

The end product of photosynthesis from chloroplast

How did the chlorophyll within the chloroplasts react center release energy?

It is oxidized

Calvin cycle intermediate ruby lose 1-5 bus phosphate has the following number of carbon atoms

5

The following is the carbohydrate output of the Calvin cycle

Glyceraldehyde 3-p

The light dependent reactions of photosynthesis produced oxygen, NADPH, and:

ATP

How does the chlorophyl within photosystem but not within in reaction center release energy?

Resonance energy transfer

A cell is placed in a dish of PURE water- the the solution on the OUTSIDE of the cell hypertonic or hypnotic?

Hypotonic

A cell is placed in a dish of PURE water. Will water tend to enter it leave the cell?

Enter the cell

Glucose transporter allows glucose to cross cell membrane from an area of [HIGH] to [LOW]

Facilitated diffusion

Testosterone is a steroid how will it cross cell membrane?

Simple diffusion

Which of the following does not occur in the mitochondria

Glycolysis

Molecules moving from [HIGH]→[LOW]

Diffusion

No energy required for movement

Diffusion

Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Osmosis

Water moves from low solute → high solute

Osmosis

Same solute concentration inside and outside cell

Isotonic

Higher solute outside cell

Hypertonic

Water moves out within hypertonic=

Cell will shrink

Lower solute outside cell

Hypotonic

in hypotonic the water will move in=

Cell will swell

Simple diffusion

No proteins needed, NONPOLAR molecules can pass

Facilitated diffusion

Uses transport proteins

Needs no energy

Active transport

Need ATP energy

What does active transport move

Low → high concentration

Endocytosis

Cells takes material into the cell

Exocytosis

Cell releases materials out the cell

Exergonic reaction

Releases energy

Exergonic reaction Example

Cellular respiration

Endergonic reaction

Requires energy input

Endergonic reaction example

Builds molecules

Atp provided energy by

Breaking phosphate bond to release energy

What are the enzyme inhibitions

Competitive, noncompetitive, uncompetitive

Inhibition will bind to active site and COMPETES with substrate

Competition

Inhibitor will build in the allosteric site

Noncompetitive inhibitor

What does noncompetitive inhibitor do to an enzyme

Changed the shape

Bonds only after substrate attaches

Uncompetitive inhibitor

Diffusion and osmosis

Passive (no ATP needed)

active transport needs

ATP

ATP powers what

Endergonic reactions

Hyper

Shrinks

Hypo

Swells

1 general way ATP hydrolysis is coupled to Endergonic reactions

Phosphorylation

ATP transfers a phosphate group to another molecule

Phosphorylation

2 general way ATP hydrolysis is coupled to Endergonic reactions

ATP binds to a protein and is hydrolyzed

If ATP binds to a protein and is hydrolyzed what does it do to the protein

Causes protein to change shape

What goes into aerobic respiration

Glucose and oxygen

What leaves aerobic respiration

CO2, water, and atp

NAD+

Oxidized form that lets electron carriers accepts electrons

NADH

Reducing agent that carries/delivers electrons

Phase of glycolysis, what inputs are oxidized

Glyceraldehyde

Phase of glycolysis, what inputs are reduced?

NADH+

Aquaporin

A protein that allows water to pass bilayers

Bulk transport

Uses vesicles at cellmembrane

What are the bulk transports

Exo/endo-cytosis

What is a substrate

Link of amino acid that’s fits into an active site of an enzyme

Hydrolysis does what to polymers

Breaks downs into monomers

Aerobic respiration

Process cells use to make ATP using oxygen

NADPH

Molecule that carries electrons and hydrogen for building molecules

NADH

Releases energy to make ATP

NAD+ and NADH are

Both oxidizing/reducing agents

NAD+ will

Oxidize

NADH will

Reduce

The OXIDIZED inputs of energy recovery of glycolysis

Glyceraldehyde-3

The REDUCED inputs of energy recovery of glycolysis

NAD+

What are the outputs of energy recovery of glycolysis

Pyruvabe, NADH, and ATP

What is diffusion

Movement of molecules from [HIGH]→[LOW] without energy

What is osmosis

Diffusion of water across selectively permeable membrane [low]→[high]

What is isotonic solution

Equal solute inside and outside cell

What is hypertonic solution

Higher solute outside cell

What is hypotonic solution

Lower solute outside cell

What is simple diffusion

Movement of nonpolar molecules through membrane without proteins or energy

What is facilitated diffusion

Movement of molecules through membrane without proteins protein channels

What is active transport

Movements of substrates using ATP energy

What is an exergonic reaction

Reaction that releases energy

What is an Endergonic reaction

Reaction that requires input of energy

How does ATP power Endergonic reactions

ATP uses energy to break phosphate bond and transfer phosphate group to make molecules react

Phosphorylation

What is phosphorylation

ATP breaks don’t phosphate and transfers a phosphate group to make molecules more reactive