Mathematical Glossary for Matura Exam

These flashcards cover key mathematical vocabulary pertinent to the Matura exam.

absolute value

The distance of a number from zero on the number line, regardless of direction.

algebraic expression

A mathematical phrase that can include numbers, variables, and operations.

arithmetic mean

The sum of a set of numbers divided by the number of values in the set.

arithmetic sequence

A sequence where each term is derived by adding a constant difference to the previous term.

common difference

The difference between consecutive terms in an arithmetic sequence.

coordinates

A set of values that show an exact position, typically represented by (x, y).

difference

The result of subtracting one number from another.

equation

A mathematical statement that asserts the equality of two expressions.

function

A relation that uniquely associates a set of inputs with a set of possible outputs.

geometric sequence

A sequence where each term is found by multiplying the previous term by a fixed, non-zero number.

graph

A visual representation of data or a mathematical function on a coordinate plane.

inequality

A mathematical sentence that shows the relationship between expressions that are not equal.

logarithm

The power to which a number must be raised to obtain another number.

median

The middle value of a data set when it's ordered from least to greatest.

parabola

The graph of a quadratic function, which is a symmetrical curve.

polynomial

A mathematical expression involving a sum of powers of one or more variables multiplied by coefficients.

power

The result of raising a number to an exponent.

product

The result of multiplying two or more numbers or expressions.

quotient

The result of dividing one number by another.

range

The difference between the highest and lowest values in a set.

real root

A real solution to a polynomial equation.

remainder of the division

The amount left over when one number is divided by another.

sequence

An ordered list of numbers defined by a specific rule.

set

A collection of distinct objects, considered as an object in its own right.

solution

The means of solving a problem or equation.

square

The product of a number multiplied by itself.

square root

A value that, when multiplied by itself, gives the original number.

sum

The result of adding two or more numbers.

values of the function

The outputs produced by a function given a set of inputs.

vertex

The point where two or more lines meet, forming an angle in geometric figures.

zeros of the function

The input values for which a function produces a zero output.

angle

The figure formed by two rays, called the sides of the angle, sharing a common endpoint called the vertex.

area

The measure of the amount of space within a two-dimensional shape.

base

The bottom side of a geometric figure, often used to calculate area.

hypotenuse

The longest side of a right triangle, opposite the right angle.

isosceles trapezium

A trapezium with at least two equal sides.

median (triangle)

A line segment joining a vertex of a triangle to the midpoint of the opposite side.

perimeter

The total distance around a two-dimensional shape.

prism

A solid object with two identical ends and flat sides.

volume

The amount of space that a substance or object occupies.

random experiment

A procedure that produces one outcome from a set of possible outcomes.

event

A specific outcome or combination of outcomes from a random experiment.

probability

A measure of the likelihood that an event will occur.

sample space

The set of all possible outcomes of a probability experiment.