The Respiratory System

Flashcards covering key terms and definitions related to the respiratory system, including various organs, functions, and processes of respiration.

Nasal Cavity

The posterior part of the nose, lined with mucosa, which warms incoming air and traps foreign objects.

Conchae

Three ridges within the nasal cavity that increase the mucosal surface area and air turbulence.

Pharynx

Also known as the throat; shared by the respiratory and digestive systems, divided into nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.

Larynx

The voice box, a short section of cartilage that connects the pharynx to the trachea, responsible for sound production.

Epiglottis

A flap of elastic cartilage that protects the superior opening of the larynx, directing food towards the esophagus during swallowing.

Bronchi

The major air passages that branch from the trachea into the lungs; divides into primary, secondary, and tertiary bronchi.

Alveoli

Tiny air sacs clustered in the lungs where gas exchange occurs, surrounded by capillaries.

External Respiration

The exchange of gases between the pulmonary blood vessels and the alveoli, occurring in the lungs.

Diaphragm

A large flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that plays a crucial role in breathing by contracting and relaxing.

Tidal Volume

The amount of air exchanged by the lungs at rest.

Vital Capacity

The maximum amount of air a person can expel after a maximum inhalation.

Rhinitis

Inflammation of the sinus spaces, which can be caused by allergens or respiratory viruses.

Vocal Cords

Folds of elastic tissue in the larynx that produce sound; change volume, pitch, and articulation.

Pleura

A thin membrane covering the lungs, containing pleural fluid to reduce friction.

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

The additional amount of air that can be inhaled consciously.

Expiratory Reserve Volume

The additional amount of air that can be exhaled consciously.