Lecture on Cell Biology Concepts

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering essential terminology and concepts related to cell structure, function, and processes based on the lecture notes.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A labyrinth of sacs and tubules that is continuous with the nucleus.

Rough ER

A type of ER that has ribosomes attached to its surface.

Smooth ER

A type of ER that does not have ribosomes.

Transmembrane proteins

Proteins embedded in the ER membrane.

Signal recognition particle (SRP)

A protein that binds to the ER peptide and delivers the ribosome to the protein translocator.

Start transfer sequence

A signal sequence that binds to the ER translocator and initiates the transfer of the peptide from the ribosome to the ER.

Stop transfer sequence

A signal sequence that binds to the ER translocator to terminate the transfer, resulting in a transmembrane protein.

Clathrin-coated vesicles

Vesicles formed with a coat composed of clathrin subunits, adaptin, cargo receptors, and dynamin.

COPII-coated vesicles

Vesicles that transport materials from the ER to the Golgi apparatus.

Rab GTPase

A protein that ensures specificity between vesicles and their target during transport.

Endocytosis

The process of taking up molecules from the environment to form an endosome.

Photosystem

A protein complex responsible for the conversion of light energy into chemical energy during photosynthesis.

Calmodulin

A monomeric Ca2+ binding protein that activates diverse functions in response to calcium levels.

Cyclic AMP (cAMP)

A common secondary messenger in cell signaling pathways.

G-protein-linked receptor

A type of receptor that activates G-proteins to relay signals within the cell.

M-phase

The phase of the cell cycle that involves segregation of DNA and cytokinesis.

Apoptosis

Programmed cell death activated by specific signals or cellular stress.

Intrinsic pathway of apoptosis

A pathway activated by mitochondrial proteins that leads to apoptosis.

Extrinsic pathway of apoptosis

A pathway initiated by extracellular signals binding to death receptors.