COM EX 2 THEORIES

Cultural Contacts Theory

examines how identities are negotiated across groups, identities and cultures

CO-CULTURAL THEORY

Examines how people without equal access to societal power communicate with dominant group members

Communication Processes of Co-Cultural Theory

Assimilation Accomodation Seperation

Communication Strategies of Co-Cultural Theory

Nonassertive Assertive Aggressive

Assimilation

Intergrating into mainstream culture

Seperation

Maintaining distinct identity during intercultural communication

Accomodation

Gaining acceptance by society

Nonassertive communication

Avoid Conflict

Assertive Communication

Individuals express identity that is considerate of others

Aggressive Communication

Individuals express identity that ignores others

COMMUNICATION THEORY OF IDENTITY

Asserts Communication and Identiy are intertwined t

Personal Frame

Relates to self-concept, preferred self labels

Enactment Frame

Social Hierarchy roles, Enacted in Social behavior

Relationship Frame

Identites arise in relationships or others

Communal Frame

Relationships arise in communities

Material Frame

Relates to body, health and territory

Identity Gap

Divisions among the frames of identity

Identity Bridging

When we “realigin", readjust” and accentuate the gap between frames

Closeted Enactment

When participants seek private spaces to enact nonconforming gender roles

SOCIAL IDENTITY THEORY

 Based on how individuals derive self-concept based on the groups they are a part of, Recognizing the groups they belong to, the feelings of belonging. The social groups we belong too significantly shape our social interactions 

Minimal Group Paradigm

Shows that arbitrary and trivial distinctions can lead to in-group favoritism and out-group discrimination 

Asiacentric approach

a non-Western lens for investigating “codes, contexts, and complexities of communication that reflect and respond to the cultural ethos of Eastern peoples”

diaspora

refers to people who have been dispersed from their original homeland and may be spread out across the globe.

MUTED GROUP THEORY

Groups without power in a culture must communicate through language systems created by those in power, according to muted group theory

PSYCHOLOGICAL REACTANCE THEORY

Threats to, or the elimination of, our freedom behaviors or choices arouse reactance by triggering negative thoughts and feelings.

freedom behaviors

exercising choice or picking among believed options

boomerang effect

the concept of valuing our freedoms more once they are taken away

direct boomerang

doing the opposite of what we are told not to do

related boomerang

not defy a policy by restricting ones freedom but would push boundaries to exercise the freedom

vicarious boomerang

experiencing empathetic reactance on behalf of another person

trait reactance

an indivudlas general tendency to achieve reactance in response to a percieved threat

state reactance

refers to their reactance in a given situation or in response to a particular message

Extended Parrell Process Model

Fear Appeal; divided into perceived threat susceptibility and severity, scare or threaten us

efficacy statement; Tell us what to do to fix the problem

THEORY OF REASONED ACTION

is one of the most influential and widely researched theories about the attitude-behavior relationship;

attitude toward the behavior

h reflects an individual’s favorable or unfavorable disposition toward personally performing a specific behavior

subjective norm

the perception that those important to the individual in question wish, expect, or recommend the individual to engage in or refrain from a specific behavior

injunctive norm

what we think others think we should do

behavioral norm

a readiness to perform the behavior

descriptive norm

refer to our perceptions that “others have done, are doing, or are likely to do

THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR

adds precieved behavioral control variable while keeping all the TRA variables

perceived behavioral control

the control one perceives they have over the behavior

reasoned action approach

assumes that people’s behavior follows reasonably from their beliefs about performing a behavior

elaboration likelihood model

holds that there are two routes to changing attitudes: the central and the peripheral routes

central route

change stems from scrutiny of information and weighing of the pros and cons related to the message itself

peripheral routes

holds that attitude change results from simple inferences made about positive and nega-tive cues attendant to the message.

heuristic systematic model

posits that two message processing modalities exist: heuristic and systematic; sufficiency principle

sufficiency principle

hat individuals require sufficient information to change attitudes or behaviors

SOCIAL EXCHANGE THEORY

emphasizes the cost–benefit analysis individuals perform during interactions with others.

RELATIONAL DIALECTICS THEORY

stipulates that social life is marked by the interplay between contrary or opposing tendencies;

shifts the focus of the theory from identifying relational tensions to exploring how meanings are negotiated or created when discourses are in competition for power

COMMUNICATION PRIVACY MANAGEMENT THEORY (privacy ownership)

involves privacy boundaries that include information we have that is unknown to others

COMMUNICATION PRIVACY MANAGEMENT THEORY (privacy control)

describes the conditions under which we decide to share or withhold private information.

COMMUNICATION PRIVACY MANAGEMENT THEORY (boundary turbulance)

occurs when co-owners fail to effectively negotiate or follow mutually agreed-upon privacy rules

COMMUNICATION PRIVACY MANAGEMENT THEORY (boundary coordination)

Co-owners of private information must negotiate and establish rules regarding further dissemination of the information. Coordina-tion is critical for maintaining effective privacy boundaries and becomes more difficult when there are multiple privacy boundaries to navigate

FAMILY COMMUNICATIONS PATTERNS THEORY

Informational and relational norms trade off to create communication patterns in families based on levels of conversation and conformity orientation; Conversation-orientated families feel free to communicate their thoughts and feelings openly, while conformity-orientated families emphasize cohesive values, beliefs, and attitudes

FACE NEGOTIATION THEORY

addresses how face is manifested in different cultures

FACE THEORY

Face is a positive image we desire to maintain during interaction

UNCERTAINY REDUCTION THEORY

When strangers interact, they are faced with uncertainties about each other.

Individuals are motivated to reduce uncertainty by acquiring information via communication.

EXPECTANCY VIOLATIONS THEORY

Individuals develop expectancies of how others will behave in given situations. Individuals will either reciprocate (match) or compensate (counteract) unexpected communication behaviors.