Skin and Dermatology Practice Flashcards

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering dermatological conditions, infectious skin diseases, types of lesions, and diagnostic signs based on the lecture material.

4 Ps of Lichen Planus

Pruritic, purple, polygonal, and papules/plaques.

Wickham striae

A lacy or white appearance of the skin or mucosa associated with Lichen Planus.

Lichen planus viral association

Hepatitis C (Hep C).

Lichen simplex chronicus

A skin condition characterized by lichenified plaques caused by repetitive scratching, often linked to Atopic Dermatitis.

Lichen sclerosus site and risk

Occurs in the anogenital region and increases the risk of Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Dermatophytes

A type of fungi that breaks down keratin.

Tinea corporis

Commonly known as Ringworm, presenting as erythematous pruritic oval lesions on the trunk.

Tinea pedis comorbidity

Diabetes Mellitus type 2 ($Dm2$) increases the risk of this infection, commonly known as Athlete's foot.

Tinea cruris

Commonly known as Jock Itch, appearing as itchy, hyperpigmented plaques with central clearing in intertriginous areas.

Tinea capitis

Fungal infection of the scalp presenting with itchy, scaly patches and alopecia, commonly seen in Black populations.

Tinea barbae

Fungal infection of the beard area causing alopecia and erythema.

Onychomycosis

A fungal infection of the nails, typically presenting as yellow thickened nails; called Tinea unguium when caused by a dermatophyte.

Tinea versicolor

A condition caused by yeast resulting in large areas of hyper- or hypopigmented macules on the trunk.

Potassium hydroxide preparation

The diagnostic test used to identify tinea/fungal infections.

Non-purulent cellulitis treatment

Typically caused by Group A strep and treated with Cephalexin (Keflex).

BCD Mnemonic for Purulent Cellulitis

Bactrim (Trimethoprim-sulfathiazole), Clindamycin, and Doxycycline.

Erysipelas

A superficial skin infection involving the upper dermis, caused by Group B strep, characterized by bright red rashes with well-demarcated borders.

Macule

A flat, non-palpable lesion less than $1\,cm$.

Patch

A flat, non-palpable lesion larger than $1\,cm$.

Papule

A palpable lesion less than $1\,cm$.

Plaque

A defined, elevated lesion.

Vesicle

A fluid-filled papule less than $1\,cm$.

Bullae

A fluid-filled lesion larger than $1\,cm$.

Morbilliform

A description of a rash that looks like measles.

Erythema migrans

A bullseye target-shaped lesion characteristic of Lyme disease.

Lyme disease first-line treatment

Doxycycline (Amoxicillin if pregnant).

Red, white, and blue sign

A diagnostic sign for a Brown Recluse spider bite, indicating a central blue tender spot with a white halo and red ring.

Pasteurella multocida

Common bacteria associated with animal bites (dogs and cats).

Cutaneous anthrax

A painless black ulcer spread by contact with sheep, goats, cattle, or pigs.

Auspitz sign

Pinpoint bleeding that occurs when psoriasis scales are removed.

Koebner phenomenon

Trauma to the skin that leads to the formation of a plaque.

Shingrix

A 2-dose vaccine series used to prevent Shingles (Herpes zoster).

Seborrheic Keratosis

A benign condition featuring well-defined brown, tan, or black growths with a 'stuck on' appearance.

Actinic keratosis

A scaly lesion caused by actinic damage that can develop into Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC).

Basal cell carcinoma

The most common skin cancer, characterized by a pearly plaque and telangiectasias.

ABCDE Mnemonic for Melanoma

Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter greater than $6\,mm$, and Evolution.

Hidradenitis suppurativa

A condition involving nodules and abscesses caused by follicular occlusion, influenced by smoking, obesity, and skin friction.

Intertrigo

A rash that appears in skin folds, treated by minimizing moisture and using topical antifungals.

Pityriasis Rosea

A condition starting with a herald patch that spreads across the trunk in a viral-like illness pattern; it is self-limiting.

Accutane safety concerns

Isotretinoin is associated with depression, suicide risk, and is highly teratogenic.

Telangiectasias

Visible blood vessels often seen in Basal Cell Carcinoma and Rosacea.

Enterobiasis

Pinworms, characterized by perianal itching worse at night and diagnosed by a tape test.

Scabies

An infestation caused by mites leading to nocturnal pruritus, commonly affecting hands and the webs of feet.

Pressure Injury Stage 2

Partial thickness skin loss where the dermis is exposed.

Partial thickness burn

A second-degree burn involving the epidermis and dermis, often treated with silver sulfadiazine.