ap human unit 3

Acculturation

The adoption of culture while keeping your own

Animism

The belief that everything has a soul

Artifact

An item that has a significance (historical, cultural) usually from the past

Assimilation

Adopting a culture while losing your own

Baha'i

Started in Iran in 1800s. A religeon that believes all religions come from a divine source

Behaviors

Observable actions of responses of humans or animals

Beliefs

specific ideas that people hold to be true

Bilingualism

The ability to speak 2 languages

Buddhism

A religion based on the actions of Buddha who gave steps to reach enlightenment

Confucianism

Confucianism is a philosophical system founded by Confucius that emphasizes moral integrity, social harmony, and the cultivation of virtues to create a just society.

contagious diffusion

The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population.

creole

A language that originated from mixing of multiple languages

cultural determinism

Cultural determinism is the belief that the culture in which we are raised determines who we are

cultural diffusion

the spread of cultural elements from one society to another

cultural ecology

Geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships.

Cultural geography

The subfield of human geography that looks at how cultures vary over space.

Cultural hearths

Heartland, source area, innovation center, place of origin of a major culture

Cultural landscape

the visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape

Cultural relativism

the practice of judging a culture by its own cultural standards instead of viewing it from yours

Cultural transmission

the process by which one generation passes culture to the next

Culture Complex

A related set of cultural traits that are connected and found in one culture

Culture Region

An area in which people have many shared culture traits

Culture system

A culture system is the complete set of ideas, beliefs, customs, and practices that shape a group of people’s way of life

Culture trait

A single element of normal practice in a culture, such as the wearing of a turban.

Daoism

A philosophical system that says to live simple and not interfere with nature’s course

dialect

a regional variety of a language, with differences in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation

diasporas

Groups of people who move somewhere else and keep their culture/religion

Eastern Orthodox

derived from the Byzantine Church and adhering to Byzantine rites

environmental determinism

The natural environment determines a person’s way of life

ethnic religion

A religion that is mostly concentrated to where the culture orginated. eg (Israel & jews)

ethnocentrism

belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group

extinct language

A language no longer used

folk culture

Culture traditionally practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups.

folk culture region

When many people who live in a land space share at least some of the same folk customs.

folk life

The way of life for people often passed through generations

geographic region

A part of the Earth that shares common characteristics

Enclave

A distinct region or community that is enclosed within a larger territory.

hierarchical diffusion

The spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places

Hinduism

a body of religious and philosophical beliefs and cultural practices native to India believing in reincarnation and a universal spirit controlling everything

humanism

The belief system to rely on science instead of a God. Focuses on the value of humans

independent inventions

the term for a trait with many cultural hearths that developed independent of each other

Indo-European language family

Family of languages with the greatest number of speakers, spoken in most of Europe and in much of southwestern and southern Asia.

Islam

the religion of Muslims collectively which governs their civilization and way of life

isogloss

A boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate (in a map)

Judaism

the monotheistic religion of the Jews having its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in the Torah and in the Talmud

language

a system of communication that uses words, symbols, or gestures to convey meaning

language families

Group of languages with a shared but fairly distant origin

language sub-family

group of languages with more commonality than a language family (indicates they have branched off more recently in history)

lingua franca

a common language used by speakers of different languages

linguistic fragmentation

A language that splits into many dialects/languages over time

linguistic geography

The study of how languages are distributed

Marxism

The idea that problems between different social classes create inequality and are the source of history

material culture

The physical things humans make (tools, houses)

migrant diffusion

spread of an idea through people, in which the phenomena weakens or dies out at its previous source ... moves like a "Slinky" (e.g., spread of the Spanish Flu toward the end of World War I).

monotheistic religion

a religion with one god

multilingualism

The ability to understand more than 1 language

non-material culture

Human creations, such as values, norms, knowledge, systems of government that are not embodied in physical objects

norms

rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members

official language

The language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents.

pidgin

an artificial language used for trade between speakers of different languages

popular culture

Culture found in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics.

Protestants

reformers who protested some practices of the catholic church

regional identity

an awareness of being a part of a group of people living in a culture region

relocation diffusion

The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another.

Roman Catholics

This branch of Christianity arose because of the Roman's split by Diocletian.

shamanism

an animistic religion of northern Asia having the belief that the mediation can connect with spirits and seek guidance and healing

Shiite

a member of the branch of Islam that regards Ali as the legitimate successor to Mohammed and rejects the first three caliphs

Sikhism

the doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam

standard language

The form of a language used for official government business, education, and mass communications. (This Language is would be widely used in the land)

stimulus diffusion

The spread of an underlying principle, even though it may change/adapt in the new location

Sunni

one of the two main branches of orthodox Islam

symbolic landscape

smaller landscapes that symbolize a bigger area or category. iconic landscapes, i.e. the state capitol symbolizes WI. every landscape can symbolize something, but these are focal points for people's attention

symbols

designs that stand for other things or ideas

syncretism

The blending of different cultural landscapes to make a new unified system

time-distance decay

The declining degree of acceptance of an idea or innovation with increasing time and distance from its point of origin or source.

toponymy

the branch of the study of words that studies the place names of a region or a language

traditional religion

a religion that has originality and is not modernized

transculturation

The mixing/merging of cultures when people from different cultures come in contact

universalizing religion

A religion that attempts to appeal to all people, not just those living in a particular location.

Cultural appropriation

When Cultures adapt other cultures adopt things for cultures only for their benefit rather than for its symbolic meaning

Cultural Adapation

The process of changing culture to make it fit into mainstream culture

Multiculturalism

The promotes the idea have having diverse cultures

Maladaptive Diffusion

Diffusion where the idea is actually not suitable to the environment where it is diffused.

Neo-Localism

The process of reviving a culture typically by celebrating of its events

Shamanism

The religious process of getting a “shaman" to interact with the spirit world

Semiotics

A branch of linguistics that deciphers meaning of signs and icons

Amalgamation Theory

Similar to transculturation in where as a bunch of cultures come together, they can all mix and create something together like a dish involving all cultures