Exam 4 iClicker Animal Phys

These solutes have a lower concentration in CSF compared with plasma EXCEPT:

Na+

Which about the blood-brain barrier is false?

Gap junctions exist between endothelial cells of the capillaries.

What is the purpose of the blood-brain barrier?

protect the brain from harmful substances in the blood.

Which is TRUE?

All statements are true

Bell’s Palsy involves cranial nerve VII. What symptoms would be associated with Bell’s palsy?

Loss of sensation in face and facial drooping.

Damage to cranial nerve IX would cause which of the following symptoms?

Difficulty swallowing and loss of sensation of the posterior wall of the pharynx.

A young woman sustains a brain injury involving the hypothalamus. Which of the following may result as a consequence of the injury?

Hyperthermia

Talking during sleep would most likely occur during?

Non-Rem N3, slow wave, stage of sleep

Which of the following could be result of damage to the temporal lobe?

loss of hearing, sense of taste, and smell

With tubes of equal length and diameter, which tube will have the highest flow?

in = 70 mm Hg, out = 10 mm Hg

Blood flow through an arteriole ___ when it dilates.

increases

Blood flow is directly proportional to:

pressure gradient, cardiac output, and radius.

Of the following blood vessel components, which is the most critical in regulating systemic blood pressure?

Tunica media

An increasing lumen diameter is termed ___, and occurs when smooth muscle ___.

vasodilation, relaxes

Of the following vessel types, which conduct blood toward the heart, regardless of oxygen content?

Veins

Give the type of capillary structure most likely found for KIDNEYS

fenestrated

Give the type of capillary structure most likely found for BRAIN

continuous

Give the type of capillary structure most likely found for ANT. PITUITARY

fenestrated

Give the type of capillary structure most likely found for BONE MARROW

sinusoid

Give the type of capillary structure most likely found for SKELETAL MUSCLE

continuous

Which increases venous return of blood to the heart?

All of these

During a manual blood pressure measurement, Korotkoff sounds are heard when

cuff pressure is lower than systolic pressure

If an arteriole constricts, what happens to mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

it increases

Calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP) if a person’s blood pressure is 107/72.

84 mm Hg

Mean arterial pressure is determined by

cardiac output, resistance of the arterioles, heart rate, and total blood volume.

Systemic arterioles ____ in response to decreasing oxygen.

dilate

Epinephrine, does not dilate arterioles in the ___.

stomach

Local control of arteriolar resistance increases blood flow to a tissue when ___.

pH decreases

Which results in increased blood flow to skeletal muscle during exercise?

active hyperemia

Plasma proteins decrease in a person with liver failure. What effect does this have on capillary exchange?

net filtration increases

Blood flow velocity of is slowest in the ___.

capillaries

Which is NOT a mechanism used to control the flow of lymph?

osmosis

The ciliated epithelium of the trachea and bronchi ___.

helps move mucus to the pharynx.

Which muscles are used for quiet expiration?

None of the above

Which lung volume cannot be directly measured?

residual volume

If the volume of a gas mixture doubles, the pressure ___.

decreases by 50%

Which gas has the highest percentage in air?

nitrogen 78%

The maximum amount of air that can be voluntarily moved into or out of the respiratory system with one breath is called

vital capacity.

A female has a resting tidal volume of 400 mL, respiratory rate of 13 breaths/min, and dead space of 125 mL. When she exercises, which would be most efficient for increasing oxygen delivery to her working skeletal muscle?

increase tidal volume to 500 mL and respiratory rate to 15 breaths/min

At the end of inspiration, intrapleural pressure is ___.

at its minimum.

When in a respiratory cycle is intrapleural pressure greatest?

end of expiration

Which is NOT true about surfactant?

secreted by type I alveolar cells

Which pairing is correct?

all of the above

During hyperventilation, what happens to the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli (compared to normal ventilation)?

oxygen partial pressure increases and carbon dioxide partial pressure decreases

Lung compliance decreases as people age. What effect does this have on tidal volume?

TV decreases.

Maria has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) so her arterial oxygen level is below normal. Which is a possible consequence of hypoxia?

increased red blood cell count

Which is a restrictive lung disease?

fibrotic lung disease

The diffusion rate for the exchange of CO2 and O2 from alveoli to blood is inversely proportional to

membrane thickness

Which is FALSE at high altitude?

percentage of gas molecules that are oxygen is lower

Which is characterized by destruction of alveoli?

emphysema

Oxygen moves from alveoli into blood by___.

simple diffusion.

During exercise, increased carbon dioxide production by cells will have what effect on oxygen release from hemoglobin?

In increases release.

The arterial PO2 in a person with anemia will be _____ the arterial PO2 in a person with a normal hemoglobin concentration.

equal to

If plasma pH increases from 7.40 to 7.48, hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen will _____ so ____ oxygen will be released to the tissue.

increase; less

Which about fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is FALSE?

Its affinity for oxygen is no different from adult hemoglobin (HbA).

As PO2 of plasma increases, the amount of dissolved oxygen ___.

increases

The maximum oxygen-carrying capacity in a person with a normal hemoglobin concentration is _____ the maximum oxygen-carrying capacity in a person with anemia (both at sea level).

greater than

Most carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as ___.

bicarbonate ions

Plasma H+ concentration _____ during hyperventilation so pH ____.

decreases; increases

During hypoventilation, PCO2 increases in plasma so pH ___.

decreases

The chemical control of ventilation is due mainly to ___.

arterial PCO2

Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the chemical reaction of ____.

carbon dioxide with water

Peripheral chemoreceptors located in the carotid and aortic arteries sense changes in ____.

All of the above

Where is the juxtaglomerular apparatus located?

where the distal convoluted tubule passes close to the afferent arteriole

With normal kidney function, which is present in plasma but not in filtrate?

proteins and blood cells

What happens to GFR when the afferent arteriole dilates?

It increases.

Which ion is commonly linked to secondary active transport during reabsorption in a nephron?

Na+

The apical surface of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle is NOT permeable to water.

True

Where is the final osmolarity of urine established?

collecting duct

In addition to Na+, high osmolarity of the interstitial fluid of the medulla is due to ____.

urea

In response to vasopressin, the apical membrane of a collecting duct cell has ____ water pores.

more

Which stimulates vasopressin release from the posterior pituitary?

All of the above

Which would NOT be a physiological response to decreased blood volume?

decreased vasopressin release

An 83-year-old woman with severe orthostatic hypotension is given an aldosterone agonist. In addition to monitoring Her blood pressure and ____ should be monitored?

serum K+

Which is a target tissue for angiotensin II (ANG II)?

arterioles, cardiovascular control center, hypothalamus, and proximal tube.

Hypokalemia _____ resting membrane potential of cardiac cells so they are ___ likely to fire an action potential.

decreases; less

Which affects the release of atrial natriuretic peptides (ANP)?

increased blood volume

“Secretion” in a nephron refers to transport of ___.

a solute into the nephron lumen

If the clearance of X is less than GFR, then ____.

X is being reabsorbed by the nephron

Why is inulin the ideal substance for determining GFR?

It is neither reabsorbed nor secreted.

Which is INCORRECTLY paired with its mode of transport?

urea; simple diffusion

If the excretion rate of substance A is greater than substance B, then ____.

Not able to determine from information provided.

The micturition reflex involves ___ and ___.

parasympathetic neurons; somatic neurons.