Immigration and Industrialization Vocab

Robber Baron

Someone who has an enormous amount of money and got that money through unethical, ruthless, and immoral ways.

Social Darwinism

The idea that the smartest and strongest will rise to the top and that they are wealthy due to their skill

Gospel of Wealth

The idea that those that are gifted with wealth have the responsibility to give their money away to charity.

Vanderbilt

• Ferries

• Railroads

• Supported creation of steel railways and sleeping cars

• Connected America through his business

Carnegie

• Steel Industry

• Vertical Integration

• Gave away most of his charity/libraries

• Gospel of Wealth

• Homestead Strike

Rockefeller

• Oil

• Standard Oil Company

• Predatory Pricing

JP Morgan

• Banking

• Bought Carnegie Steel

• Helped US out of economic struggle twice

Knights of Labor

• Skilled and unskilled workers

• Included blacks and women

• Wanted an 8 hour workday

• Used strikes

• Wanted health codes

AFL American Federation of Labor

• Skilled Workers

• Better wages and working conditions

• Walk outs and boycotts

Trust

A legal agreement that groups many companies under 1 board of directors. A large one being the Standard Oil Company they create monopolies and allow for no competition led to the Sherman Antitrust Act

  “Cross of Gold” speech

Taylorism/ Fredrick Winslow Taylor

Believed that you should section the workload to increase efficiency and that this method was needed with new machinery

Horatio Alger

Rags to Riches

 Terence Powderly

Leader of Knights of Labor. Helped expand that organization to the public. Members of the organization started to organize strikes even though Powderly advised against it this led to the demise of the organization.

Samuel Gompers

Leader of the AFL

Haymarket Square

If the AFL did not get an 8 hour workday by May 1 1886 they would go on strike which they did. That day another protest was occuring in Chicago at Haymarket Square. That protest had gotten violent leading to one of the protesters throwing a bomb killing police and others. This left a permanent scar on the AFL casuing them to constantly have to dodge the idea that they want self government.

Homestead Strike 1892

Union workers at Carnegie Steel wages were being cut due to economic recession. The called for a strike, Carnegie called in Pinkerton Guards to keep the strikes in order and allow for SCABs to come into the plant to get work done. As well he built walls around the plant to make sure that the union workers couldn't get in. The protesters and the guards got in a battle which led to fatalities. Governor of Pennsylvania sends in national guard showing government will back businesses. SCABS come in and break strike. Union collapses and shows that government is willing to back businesses.

Pullman Strike 1894

Chicago. Factory that made sleeping cars. Pullman created apartments right next to the plant so that his workers could live right by their job. In the 1893 economic recession he cut wages but kept rent the same. Factory workers aligned with the Railway union. Due to railways large scale transportation of goods and people there was a big response. Pullman requested military help from IL governor but he said no. Railway operators were able to get president to send in federal troops. As well federal court said that they cannot strike because of its effects on the american economy. Eugene V Debs head of the railway union refused to stop protesting he was arrested and put in jail. 1st time that a court stopped a strike and that Americans began turning on unions and Labor Day.

Old Immigrants

• Before 1880

• No Ellis Island

• Western Europeans

• Protestants

• Spoke English

• Self Sufficient

• Came for land

• 1st wave- British, Spanish, Dutch

• 2nd Wave- Ireland, German

New Immigrants

• after 1880

• Ellis Island

• Mulit religious and cultural

• Live in Ghettos

• Had little money

• 3rd wave- Italians Russians Italians Greek Polish

Chinese Exclusion Act

Chiense started coming helping build the transcontiental railroad. Banned Chinese Immigration

Stalwarts

one of the two republican parties fighting for the Republican party after Rutherford B Hayes. More traditional. The Stalwarts wanted Garfeild to win but when he entered officce he actually supported civil service reform but was eventaully shot and Aruther took over his spot

Half Breeds

one of the two republican parties fighting for the Republican party after Rutherford B Hayes. more reform. Wanted Aruther to be president lost election but after assination Aruther becomes president

Mugwumps

Liberal Republicans who got this name from their opposition. Anncoued they would leave their parents and support a democratic candidate. Due to their word the Democrats chose Grover Cleveland as thier vote to please the liberal Republicans

Grangers

• Midwest Farmers

• Wanted to end railroads monopoly

• Taught new farming methods

• Grange supporters had seats in a lot of midwest legislation

Sherman Antitrust Act 1890

• Had little to no impact, used during Theodore Roosevelt's presidency

• Was to prevent large companies from controlling markets and stoppping trusts and monoploies

• Created out of power form Standard Oil Company

Interstate Commerce Act

• Regulated private industries

• Helped with railroads

• Farmers had been complaining (Grangers) about the power that the railroads had

• Had little to no effect like the Sherman Antitrust Act

Peoples Party

1. Nationalize railroads, telegraphs, and telephones

2. Introduce Income Tax

3. Want American Money to be backed by Silver

4. Want government to give loans to farmers so they don't have to go to banks

5. Wanted direct election of US senators

Molly Maguires

A group of coal miners who used violence to battle coal operators

Labor Contract Law

Given out by employers saying that they would pay for their passage into America and the cost would then be slowly taken from their wages

graft

A form of political corruption involing dishonest use of ones public power for financial gain

Tammany Hall William Boss Tweed

Courrupt leader of the democratic political party machine that controlled the New York City stole millions of dollars from taxpayers