Unit 5 APHG Examples

Agriculture

growing rice or raising cows

Arable land

flat land with fertile soil

Subsistence agriculture

a family growing rice to eat

Commercial agriculture

farms growing corn to sell to stores

Shifting cultivation

slash and burn farming in the Amazon rainforest

Plantation agriculture

banana plantations in Central America

Pastoral nomadism

herders moving with camels in North Africa

Ranching

cattle ranching in Texas

Mixed crop and livestock farming

a farm growing corn and raising cows

Dairy farming

milk farms in Wisconsin

Intensive agriculture

rice farming in Asia

Extensive agriculture

cattle ranching in the western U.S.

Market gardening

farms near cities selling vegetables at markets

Green Revolution

improved wheat production in India

Double cropping

rice and wheat grown in the same field

Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)

corn modified to resist insects

Environmental possibilism

using irrigation in deserts to grow crops

Irrigation

sprinkler systems watering fields

Fertilizer

adding nitrogen to soil

Terrace farming

rice terraces in Southeast Asia

Metes and bounds

land shaped around rivers or trees

Long lot system

farms along the Mississippi River

Township and range system

farmland in the Midwest U.S.

Clustered settlement

a farming village

Dispersed settlement

isolated farms in rural areas

Agribusiness

large food companies controlling farms and stores

Commodity chain

wheat → factory → bread → store

Vertical integration

one company raises chickens, processes them, and sells them

Horizontal integration

one company owning many farms

Subsidy

U.S. government helping corn farmers

CAFO (Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation)

factory farms with thousands of chickens

Feedlot

cows fed grain before slaughter

Food desert

inner city areas without grocery stores

Food swamp

areas with many fast food restaurants

Supply chain

farm → truck → supermarket

Globalization (food)

the U.S. importing fruit from Mexico

Neocolonialism

poor countries growing crops mainly for rich countries

Cash crop

coffee or cotton

Luxury crop

chocolate or tea

Value added product

milk turned into cheese

Biotechnology

creating stronger crops

Aquaculture

fish farms raising salmon

Local food movement

farmers markets

Organic farming

natural farming methods

Community Supported Agriculture (CSA)

weekly farm produce boxes

Women in agriculture

women growing crops in Africa or Asia

Challenges for women in agriculture

women not allowed to own land

Von Thünen Model

dairy farms close to the city, ranching far away

Intercropping

Corn + beans planted together

Monocropping

Growing only corn every year

Crop rotation

Corn switch to soybeans switch to wheat