Civil Rights Movement in the 1920s

These flashcards review key concepts and events from the civil rights movement of the 1920s, particularly focusing on the impact of World War I on African American soldiers and the subsequent societal changes.

What was the term used to describe the civil rights movement of the 1920s?

The New Negro movement.

Who wrote the influential article titled 'The New Negro'?

Alain Locke.

How many African American men served in World War I?

About 300,000.

What roles did the majority of African American soldiers serve in during WWI?

Support personnel, such as laborers and mechanics.

What strategy did African Americans employ to gain rights during this period?

Accommodation, or proving their worth to gain acceptance.

What did African Americans hope would happen after their service in WWI?

They expected to be treated as equals and gain civil rights.

What was the typical reaction of white populations to returning African American soldiers?

They instructed them to take off their uniforms and return to their previous status.

What led to the creation of the Harlem Hellfighters unit?

The presence of segregated units with African Americans serving mainly in support roles.

What distinguished the Harlem Hellfighters in combat?

They became one of the most decorated units in the U.S. Army and demonstrated the capabilities of black soldiers.

What was the impact of the experience of African American soldiers in WWI on the civil rights movement?

Their experiences and sacrifices led to a demand for civil rights upon returning home.

How were African Americans treated after returning from war compared to their service in Europe?

Many were met with racism and discrimination, undermining their military service.

What does the 'Great Migration' refer to?

The movement of 6 million African Americans from the rural South to urban areas in the North and West.

What was the outcome of the Tulsa race riot in 1921?

A violent confrontation leading to the destruction of the Greenwood neighborhood and significant loss of life.

What did the phrase 'black is beautiful' signify in the context of the civil rights movement?

An affirmation of racial pride and identity during the Negro movement.

What was the outcome for veterans like Henry Johnson after their service in WWI?

Many faced neglect, inadequate support, and were not recognized with honors for their sacrifices.