world history final study guide
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103 Terms
Polis
The Greek word for a city state
Acropolis
High hill upon which a Greek fortress was build
Democracy
A type of government in which people rule themselves
Oligarchy
A government in which only a few people have power
Aristocracy
Government that is made up of a small group of people from the highest social class in a society
Tyrant
An Ancient Greek leader who help power through the us of force
Mythology
Stories about gods and heroes that try to explain how the world works
Fables
A short story that teaches a lesson about life or fives advice on how to live
Republic
A political system in which people elect leaders to govern them
Dictators
A ruler who has almost absolute power
Plebeians
The common people of Ancient Rome
Patricians
The nobility in Roman society
Liberti
Free’d slaves
Consuls
The two most powerful officials in Rome.
Veto
To reject or prohibit actions and laws of other government officials
Latin
The language of the Roman’s
Check and balances
A system that balances the distribution of power in a government
Forum
A Roman public meeting place
Legions
A group of up to 6,000 Roman soldiers
Punic wars
A series of wars between Rome and Carthage in the 200s and 100s BC
Currency
Money
Pax Romana
Roman peace; a period of general peace and prosperity in the Roman Empire that lasted from 27 BC to AD 180
Corruption
The decay of peoples values
Aqueducts
A human-made raised channel that carries water from distant places
Civil law
A legal system based on a written code of laws
What kind of landforms are found in Greece?
Rocky, mountainous land surrounded by water
What were the first two Greek civilizations
Minoans and the Mycenaeans
How are oligarchy and tyranny different?
Oligarchy- only a few people have power
Tranny- A person holding pole with use of force
How do we know that written constitutions developed in Ancient Greece
A philosopher collected them
How was rule of law used to govern Athens?
It kept them under control
What type of democracy did Athens have?
A direct democracy
Which city-state won the Peloponnesian war?
Sparta
What is mythology?
Stories about gods and heroes that try to explain how the world works.
Why did the Ancient Greek create myths?
To explain natural events
How are fables different from myths?
Fables- short stores that are advice
Myths- stories about gods
Who is one Ancient Greek playwright?
Euripicles
Who is one Ancient Greek historian?
Thoucydides
Why did Greek columns bulge in the middle?
To prevent the illusion of them looking curved in the middle.
How did Socrates teach and what is this method of teaching called?
He tough by asking questions and it’s called the Socratic method
What are the basic teachings of stoicism?
All people have a role to play in society. They should practice self-discipline and captors their emotions.
What three kingdoms were created out of Alexander’s empire after his death?
Hellenistic Marcedinia, Hellenistic Syria, Hellenistic Egypt
How did mountains affect life in Italy?
It made it hard for ancient people to cross from one side of the peninsula to the other
Which brothers supposedly founded the city of Rome?
Romulus and Remus
What type of government did the Roman’s create in 509 BC?
A republic
Who were the consuls?
The most powerful magistrates
What was rones first written law code called?
The law of the 12 tables
What was a Roman legion?
Groups of uo to 6,00 Roman soldiers
Who fought in the Punic wars?
Rome and Carthage
Who was Spartacus?
A former gladiator
Who killed Julius Caesar?
A group of senators
Why did many senators consider Caesar a threat
He rushed to do many things that are transitions and he wasn’t logical. He made the senate call him dictator
Who took over Rome after Caesar’s death?
Antony and Augustus
How did Octavian fake owner from Marc Anthony?
sending a flee to anothony
Which areas I’d the world did Roman’s take over?
Gaul, much of Central Europe and most of the island of Britain
What were provinces?
Territories
Why is the period before 180 AD called Pax Romana?
There are no major wars/rebellions in the empire
What were the origins of Roman gods and goddesses?
Roman myths
Where did Constantine move rome’s capital?
To the east into whats now turkey
Why did Diocletian divide the empire in two?
He taught the empire was too big for one person to rule
Who was Attila?
A brilliant leader and a very scary enemy
What were aqueducts used for?
To carry water from mountains to cities
What influence did Greek art have on Roman art?
They took the way Greek art was and changed it
What were three forms of writing that the Roman excelled in?
A little satire, history, drama
In what ways did Roman’s have an impact on philosophy?
They created lots of vocabulary and wrote their own history
What three seas is Greece close to?
Ionian, Aegean, Mediterranean
Why ere Greek communities isolated from each other?
Due to mountainous environment
What er thr two most famed Greek poleis?
Athens and Sparta
What was life in Athens based around?
Many words used in philosophy came form Roman’s morality argument and proof. They studied and wrote their own history
What was life in Sparta based around?
Military strength, military skills, protection
Who is Homer and what did he write?
Arts, odyssey and Iliad by Homer
Who is Pythagoras and what did he create?
Math, his theorem is used to find right triangle solutions
Who is Ptolemy?
The first astronomer?
Who were Herodotus and Thucydides?
We’re the first historians
Who is Solon and what is he known for?
Invented idea of “trail by jury”
Who is Aristotle snd what is he know for?
Famed teacher and philosophy “learn everything possible”
What type of skills did the original Olympics focus on?
Military skills
When did Alexander the Great become king?
When he was 19
Were the Greeks monotheistic or polytheistic?
Polytheistic
Where was Rome located?
On the Italian peninsula in southeastern Europe
What affected Rome’s climate?
It’s oro militó to the Mediterranean Sea
How many hills was Rome build on?
7 hills
According to the myth, who are Romulus and Remus raised by?
A shepherd and his wife
What are the 4 social classes of the Roman republic?
Slaves, liberti, plebeians, patricians
What are the key Roman values?
Discipline, family, self-sacrifice, put the needs of the republic above self
What did Octaviano change his name to?
Augustus
Who were the 4 Julio-Claudia’s emperors?
Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero
Who were the Flavian emperors?
A short dynasty of a father (Vespasian) and his two sons (Titus and Domitian)
Who were the 5 good emperors?
Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antonina, Marcus
What did Galen do?
Recorded Roman medical knowledge and believed scientists needed to experiment to prove a conclusion
What did Ptolemy conclude about the universe?
Concluded that the earth was the center of the universe
What did Pliny the elder do?
Compiled known information about geography and the natural world
What did Virgil write?
Wrote Aeneid, a story about Aeneas, the prince of Troy
What three types of art did Roman create?
Sculpture, mosaic, frescoes
What two rules did people of other religions have to follow in the woman empire?
Also honored the Roman gods.
Recognized the author yt of the Roman Empire
What were Jesus twelve followers called?
12 disciples or apostles
What four books of the Bible talk about Jesus life and teachings?
Matthew, mark, John, Luke
How did Christianity begin to spread?
Jesus disciples began spreading his message to other Jews in Judaea and to the Jewish communities throughout the empire
Who is Plato and what is he known for?
He was philosopher, republic and ideal government
What was Alexander the Great’s goal?
Take over Persian empire
When was the first Jewish revolt
66-70 AD