Practical 2 INsertion action and origin

Frontalis

Origin: Galea Aponeurotica;

Insertion: Skin of eyebrow;

Action: Wrinkles forehead and moves scalp

Orbicularis Oculi

Origin: Frontal and maxillary bones;

Insertion: Tissue of eyelid;

Action: Closes eye

Orbicularis Oris

Origin: Fascia surrounding lips;

Insertion: Mucosa of lips;

Action: Closes mouth, forms words and purses lips

Buccinator

Origin: Maxilla and mandible;

Insertion: Orbicularis oris muscle;

Action: helps keep food between grinding surfaces of teeth during chewing

Sternocleidomastoid

Origin: Sternum and clavicle;

Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone;

Action: Turns head sideways, flexes neck and head

Masseter

Origin: Zygomatic arch;

Insertion: Lateral ramus of mandible;

Action: Elevates mandible

Temporalis

Origin: Temporal bone;

Insertion: Coronoid process of ramus of mandible;

Action: Elevates mandible and moves it laterally

Trapezius

Origin: Occipital bone; spines of 7th cervical vertebra and all thoracic vertebrae; Insertion: Clavicle and scapula;

Action: Moves head back, elevates scapula (shrug shoulders), adducts scapula

Deltoid

Origin: Scapula and clavicle;

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus; Action: Abducts and laterally rotates humerus

Teres Major

Origin: Lateral border of scapula;

Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus;

Action: Rotates arm laterally, Extends humerus, adducts and rotates arm medially

Teres Minor

Origin: Axillary border of scapula;

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus; Action: Rotates arms laterally

Infraspinatus

Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula; Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus; Action: Rotates arms laterally

Supraspinatus

Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula; Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus; Action: Abducts and laterally rotates humerus

Latissimus Dorsi

Origin: Spines of sacral, lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae; iliac crest and lower four ribs;

Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus;

Action: Extends, adducts and rotates humerus medially; retracts shoulder

Serratus Anterior

Origin: Upper eight or nine ribs;

Insertion: Scapula;

Action: Pulls scapula forward and downward

Pectoralis Major

Origin: Clavicle, Sternum, costal cartilages and sheath of rectus abdominis;

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus; Action: Adducts, flexes and rotates arm medially

Pectoralis Minor

Origin: Sternal ends of the third, fourth and fifth ribs;

Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula; Action: Pulls scapula forward and downward

Triceps Brachii

Origin: Lateral and medial heads originate on humerus and long head originates on scapula;

Insertion: Olecranon of ulna;

Action: Extends forearm

Bicep Brachii

Origin: short head: coracoid process of scapula , long head: tubercle of humerus; Insertion: Radius;

Action: Flexes and supinates forearm

Brachialis

Origin: Anterior shaft of humerus;

Insertion: Coronoid process of ulna;

Action: Flexes forearm

Brachioradialis

Origin: Humerus;

Insertion: Proximal to styloid process of radius;

Action: Flexes forearm

Gluteus Maximus

Origin: Iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx and aponeurosis of lumbar region;

Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract;

Action: Extends and rotates thigh laterally

Gluteus Medius

Origin: Lateral surface of ilium;

Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur; Action: Abducts and rotates thigh medially

Gluteus Minimus

Origin: Lateral surface of ilium;

Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur; Action: Abducts and rotates thigh medially

Gracilis

Origin: Inferior edge of symphysis pubis; Insertion: Tibia;

Action: Adducts thigh; flexes and rotates leg at knee

Adductor longus

Origin: Pubis (near symphysis pubis); Insertion: Linea aspera of femur;

Action: Adducts, flexes and laterally rotates thigh

Adductor Magnus

Origin: At ischium;

Insertion: Femur;

Action: Adducts, flexes and laterally rotates thigh

Sartorius

Origin: Spine of the ilium (on iliac crest); Insertion: Medial surface of tibia;

Action: Flexes leg and thigh; abducts thigh; rotates thigh laterally and rotates leg medially

Rectus femoris

Origin: Inferior spine of ilium and on acetabulum of os coxa;

Insertion: Patella via the patellar tendon; Action: Extend knee

Vastus medialis

Origin: Linea aspera of femur;

Insertion: Patella via the patellar tendon; Action: Extend knee

Vastus lateralis

Origin: Greater trochanter and linea aspera of femur;

Insertion: Patella via the patellar tendon; Action: Extend knee

Vastus Intermedius

Origin: Anterior shaft of femur;

Insertion: Patella via the patellar tendon;

Action: Extend knee

Biceps femoris

Origin: Long head on ischial tuberosity, short head on linea aspera of femur; Insertion: Head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia;

Action: Flexes knee

Semitendinosus

Origin: Ischial tuberosity;

Insertion: Tibia;

Action: Flexes knee

Semimembranosus

Origin: Ischial tuberosity;

Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia;

Action: Flexes knee

Gastrocnemius

Origin: Lateral and medial condyles of femur;

Insertion: Calcaneus bone via Achilles tendon;

Action: Plantar flexes the foot

Soleus

Origin: Proximal heads of fibula and tibia; Insertion: Calcaneus bone via Achilles tendon;

Action: Plantar flexes the foot

Tibialis anterior

Origin: Lateral condyle and body of tibia; Insertion: First metatarsal and first cuneiform;

Action: Dorsiflexion of ankle and inversion of foot

External intercostals

Origin: Inferior border of rib;

Insertion: Superior border of rib below; Action: Elevate and draw ribs together

Internal intercostals

Origin: Superior border of ribs; Insertion: Inferior border of rib above; Action: Draws ribs together and depresses thorax

Diaphragm

Origin: Xiphoid process of sternum; Insertion: Central tendon;

Action: Contracts downward to increase vertical size of thorax; primary muscle of respiration

External oblique

Origin: Lower eight ribs;

Insertion: Linea alba and iliac crest;

Action: Compresses abdomen, lateral rotation

Internal oblique

Origin: Iliac crest, lumbodorsal fascia, and inguinal ligament;

Insertion: Linea alba, costal cartilages of last three or four ribs and pubis;

Action: Compresses abdomen, lateral rotation

Transversus abdominis

Origin: Iliac crest, inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia and costal cartilage of last six ribs; Insertion: Xiphoid process of sternum, linea alba and pubis;

Action: Compresses the abdomen

Rectus abdominis

Origin: Symphysis pubis;

Insertion: Costal cartilage of ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process of sternum;

Action: Flexes vertebral column