AP psych unit 8A

Drive-Reduction Theory

We act to reduce internal tension caused by unmet biological needs.

Homeostasis

The body’s drive to keep internal balance, such as temperature or blood sugar.

Arousal Theory

We are motivated to maintain our ideal level of alertness and stimulation.

Optimal Level of Arousal

The personal 'sweet spot' where we perform best, avoiding boredom or stress.

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Performance is best at moderate arousal, with extremes hurting performance.

Self-Determination Theory

Motivation arises from the need to feel competent, autonomous, and connected.

Intrinsic Motivation

Doing something for its own sake because it’s enjoyable or meaningful.

Incentive Theory

We are pulled to act by rewards or punishments in the environment.

Extrinsic Motivation

Doing something for a reward or to avoid punishment.

Instincts

Inborn, fixed behavior patterns triggered by specific stimuli.

Lewin’s Motivational Conflicts Theory

Describes the stress from conflicting motivations or goals.

Approach-Approach Conflicts

Choosing between two appealing options.

Approach-Avoidance Conflicts

One option has both positives and negatives.

Avoidance-Avoidance Conflicts

Choosing between two undesirable options.

Sensation-Seeking Theory

Some people are motivated by high-risk or exciting experiences.

Boredom Susceptibility

Sensitivity to monotony; discomfort from routine or dull situations.

Affect

A broad term for emotional states, including moods and feelings.

Internal Factors

Factors that are within the person, such as biological and psychological influences.

External Factors

Factors that are outside influences, such as environment and people.

Physiological Experiences

Bodily responses, like heart rate, related to emotion.

Cognitive Experiences

Thoughts and interpretations related to emotional experiences.

Cognitive Label

The name or meaning we assign to an emotional experience.

Facial-Feedback Hypothesis

Facial expressions can influence the emotions we feel.

Cognitive Appraisal

Our interpretation of a situation determines the emotion we feel.

Display Rules

Cultural guidelines for when and how emotions should be expressed.

Elicitors

External events or stimuli that trigger emotional responses.