topic 3

3.1.2 explain the factors influencing the electronegativities of the elements in terms of nuclear charge, atomic

radius and shielding by inner shells and sub-shells

3.1.3 state and explain the trends in electronegativity across a period and down a group of the Periodic Table

3.6.1b use the concept of hydrogen bonding to explain the anomalous properties of H₂O (ice and water):

its relatively high melting and boiling points

use the concept of hydrogen bonding to explain the anomalous properties of H₂O (ice and water):

•

its relatively high surface tension

3.6.1b use the concept of hydrogen bonding to explain the anomalous properties of H₂O (ice and water):

the density of the solid ice compared with the liquid water

3.6.2 use the concept of electronegativity to explain bond polarity and dipole moments of molecules