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when did mary and philip ii get married?
1554
Mary = 38
Philip = 27
positives
alliance of Tudors and Hapsburgs
favourable marriage treaty terms
Philip / heirs could not take Mary’s throne
heir gets England + Low Countries (but not Spain)
couldn’t promote foreigners to hold office in England
negatives
incompatible ages - Philip not as desperate as Mary for child
English thought they’d be dragged into foreign wars
worried of increasing Spanish influence
Simon Renard
De Castro = known for prosecuting heretics
no child
support for Elizabeth
rumours of her marriage to Edward Courtenay
overall assessment of marriage
achieved aim of being closer with Habsburgs
BUT no heir
unpopular perception resulting in uprisings (e.g. 1554 Wyatt’s rebellion)
Philip’s disinterest concerning an heir with Mary
leaves in 1555 when it’s clear she can’t have children (two phantom pregnancies)
abdication of Charles V in 1555 = Philip gains west of HRE