Pysch test 2

What is the core emphasis of behaviorism according to Freud's views?

Emphasis on learning and antimentalism, with no interesting differences between humans and animals.

What are the three parts of Freud's personality structure?

Id (pleasure), Ego (reality), Superego (morality).

What does the Implicit Association Test suggest about individuals?

We are all racist.

What are the possible outcomes of a fixation during the oral stage according to Freud?

Fixation on sucking leading to behaviors such as smoking or drinking.

What characterizes anal-retentive individuals according to Freud?

They are uptight and rigid.

What is the Oedipus complex in Freud's theory?

A child's attraction to the opposite-sex parent and rejection of the same-sex parent.

What mechanism involves projecting unwanted thoughts onto someone else?

Projection.

In Freud's defense mechanisms, what does sublimation entail?

Shifting emotions towards constructive actions, such as doing homework when angry.

What does classical conditioning refer to?

The process by which two unrelated things become connected, such as a bell and food in Pavlov's experiment.

What are the stages of Piaget's cognitive development?

Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational.

What is egocentrism in Piaget's Preoperational stage?

The belief that what one is thinking is what everyone else is thinking.

What does the process of assimilation involve?

Adding new information to an existing schema.

What is the Law of Effect in operant conditioning?

The tendency to perform an action is increased if rewarded and weakened if not.

What are the four schedules of reinforcement in operant conditioning?

Fixed ratio, Fixed interval, Variable ratio, Variable interval.

In memory, what are the three stages identified?

Encoding, Storage, and Recall.

What happens to an event when it is processed through senses and short term memory?

It may become long term memory through repetition.