SHEP Final

Anus

Opening to the rectum, through which feces exit the body; Lined with pleasure-sensitive nerve endings

Cowper’s Gland

Produces pre-ejaculate, a clear fluid that neutralizes traces of urine in the urethra, making it a safe place for sperm to travel

Epididymis

Works as “nurseries” that hold sperm while they mature

Testicle

Produces sperm and the hormone testosterone

Seminal Vesicle

Produces between 50%-70% of semen, the milky white fluid in which sperm swim; Helps expel semen during ejaculation

Urethra

Tube through which urine and semen exit the body

Vas Deferens

A long tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the glands that make semen

Cervix

Base of the uterus - joins the top of the vagina; Shaped like a little nose; The cervical opening (os) is usually closed, but opens a little for sperm and menstrual blood; os opens 10 cm for birth

Endometrium

Lining of uterus, made of blood and tissues; This is shed during menstruation; Where fertilized egg plants itself (start of pregnancy); Nourishes and cushions a fetus as it grows

Fallopian tubes

“fingers” that grab egg that has been released from ovaries; Passageway where egg travels to uterus; Where egg and sperm meet (fertilization)

Ovaries

Produces hormones estrogen and progesterone, contains eggs; During puberty, start maturing and releasing ova (eggs), usually 1 per month

Uterus

Strongest muscle in female body; About size of fist (before pregnancy); Where fetus can grow and develop; Contracts during orgasm and childbirth

Vagina

Stretchy, muscular Passageway connecting vulva and uterus; Menstrual blood flows through here; Penis may go here during vaginal sex; Has very few nerve endings; Spongy tissue may be felt about 3 inches into belly (G-spot) — some people may find stimulation there pleasurable

Menarche

First period

What hormones control the menstrual cycle?

Estrogen and progesterone

Menopause

When the body stops menstruating around ages 45-55, or due to medical reasons

Perimenopause

The time leading up to menopause, can last up to 2-8 years

Fertilization

Sperm fuses with egg and occurs in fallopian tube

Implantation

The fertilized egg reaches the uterus after 4-5 days and plants itself in the endometrium (conception)

Embryo

First 2 months

Fetus

3 months to birth

Baby

After birth

Biological sex

How one’s body is (determined from birth)

Gender identity

How one feels/sees themself when they close their eyes; NOT a choice

Gender expression

How one presents themselves to the world; IS an individual choice

Sexual orientation

Gender(s) of people one is romantically and/or physically attracted to; DIFFERENT from gender identity

Healthy relationships are:

Consensual and non-exploitative; Concerned about consequences (STIs and pregnancy); Respectful and caring

Consent

Must be a clear YES without coercion or an incapacitated person; Anything but a clear and emphatic YES is a NO

STI

Sexually Transmitted Infection; Bacteria, viruses, and other organisms that can be passed down from one infected person to another during sexual contact

HIV

Human Immunodeficiency Virus; Can lead to AIDS

Abstinence

Safest and only 100% effected choice for eliminating STI/HIV risk

Vaccines

Hep B & HPV

Minors 12+ years can consent to these vaccines without parental permission

IUD

Intrauterine Device; Lasts 3-12 years; 99% effective

Implant

Lasts 3 years; 99% effective

Pills

Taken daily; Prevents release of egg from ovary; 99% effective

Patch

Placed on body ¾ weeks; Prevents release of egg from ovary; 99% effective

Ring

Inserted in vagina for ¾ weeks; Prevents release of egg from ovary; 99% effective

Injection

Administered every 3 months; 99% effective

External Condoms

Covers erect penis; 98% effective

Internal Condoms

Inserted into vagina or anus; 95% effective

Dental Dams

Thin sheet of latex used to protect mucosa during oral sex; Used to prevent transmission of HIV and STIs

Cervical Cap

Soft silicone cap placed inside vagina to cover cervix; 86% effectiveness

Diaphragm

Shallow silicone cup placed inside vagina to cover cervix; 94% effective

Sponge

Small spongy plastic placed inside vagina to cover cervix; 91% effective

Spermicides

Used to immobilize/kill sperm; 72%-82% effective

Phexxi Vaginal Gel

Non-hormonal vaginal gel, lowers pH in vagina; 86%-93% effective

Emergency Contraception

Prevents pregnancy after unprotected sex/when birth control fails

Safely Surrendered Baby Law

Parent/legal guardian can surrender newborn baby within first 72 hrs of birth to person at designated “safe surrender site” (hospital, fire department); Parents may claim physical custody within 14 days of surrender

Vasectomy

Permanently prevents pregnancy by blocking sperm from leaving body; Must be 18/Have parental consent for procedure

Tubal Ligation/Salpingectomy

Permanently prevents pregnancy by closing, blocking, or removing fallopian tubes; Must be 18/Have parental consent for procedure

Protective Factors

In California, anyone of ANY AGE can get birth control

When using an external condom, remember to:

Check expiration date; Store condoms in normal temperatures; Put condom correct way; Put condom on BEFORE sexual contact

Physical Abuse

Hurting someone physically in some way

Emotional Abuse

Making someone feel bad about themselves, such as taking away their sense of self or self-esteem, or harassing someone is that they feel bad about themselves

Psychological Abuse

Using threats or intimidation to frighten someone, or “gaslighting”

Sexual Abuse

Similar to physical abuse, but sexual in nature. This includes sexual trafficking

Financial Abuse

When the finances in a relationship, or a person’s potential to earn or have money, are controlled by one person

Sexual Harassment

Unwelcome sexual advances; Requests for sexual favors; Verbal/Physical harassment sexual in nature (notes/texts)

Sexual Assault

Someone touches someone in a sexual manner without explicit consent

Sex Trafficking

Trafficker uses force, fraud, or coercion to control another person for the purposes of engaging sex acts against their will in exchange for money or other goods, including food and housing; If a person is under 18, there does not have to be force, fraud, or coercion for it to be trafficking

Sex Traffickers often target people who are

Around 15 years old on average, regardless of gender, race, etc

Age for Pregnancy

Any age

Age for Abortion

Any age

Age for Sexual Assault care

Any age

Age for Alcohol/Drug Counseling/Treatment Program

12+ years

Age for Outpatient Mental Health Treatment

12+ years