AK-AP Unit 3 Study Guide

Civil Liberties

Rights guaranteed to every American citizen by the Constitution.

First Amendment

Protects freedom of religion, speech, and the press.

Free Exercise Clause

Protects the rights of citizens to practice their religion without interference from the Government.

Establishment Clause

Prohibits Congress from establishing a national church.

Clear and Present Danger Test

Speech can be restricted if it poses a clear and present danger to the government.

Prior Restraint

When the government tries to restrain a story prior to its publication.

Death Penalty

The Supreme Court views it as unconstitutional due to racial disparities.

Incorporation

The process of applying the Bill of Rights to state law through the 14th Amendment.

Exclusionary Rule

Evidence obtained illegally cannot be used in court.

Amendments Protecting Against Self-Incrimination

5th Amendment protects against self-incrimination and the right to remain silent.

Amendments and Laws for Women's Equality

Title IX and the 19th Amendment were passed to help women achieve equality.

Engel v Vitale

Ruled that state-sponsored prayer in schools is unconstitutional.

Wisconsin v Yoder

Ruled that compulsory education laws can violate the free exercise of religion.

Tinker v Des Moines

Ruled that students have the right to symbolic speech in schools.

Schenck v The United States

Ruled that criticizing the government is not allowed during wartime.

New York Times v United States

Ruled that freedom of the press is more important than prior restraint.

McDonald v Chicago

Ruled that strict handgun laws violate the 2nd Amendment.

Gideon v Wainright

Incorporated the right to a lawyer to the states.

Brown v Board of Education

Overturned the separate but equal doctrine and ordered school integration.

Miranda v Arizona

Established the right to remain silent and the public safety exception.

Roe v Wade

Established trimester framework for abortion rights.