Austrian Society and Culture Final

What is the famous chair associated with Viennese coffee houses?

Thonet Chair

How do Austrians pronounce "coffee" differently from Germans?

KAFFEE (with emphasis)

What is the traditional way coffee is served in a Viennese coffee house?

On an elegant cup with matching saucer on a silver tray alongside a glass of water with a spoon balanced on the glass

What does the glass of water served with coffee symbolize?

That the coffee is made from pure water

What is the traditional term for "head waiter" in a coffee house?

Herr Ober

When did the legend say coffee houses opened in Vienna?

1683 after the Battle of Vienna

Who was the legendary figure said to have opened the first Viennese coffee house?

Kolschitzky, a Polish military officer

What year did the first coffee house open in Italy?

1647

Name three famous Viennese coffee houses to visit

Kaffee Central, Landtmann, Griensteidl

What is the name of Vienna's famous boys' choir?

Wiener Sängerknaben (Vienna Boys' Choir)

What is the most important Austrian concert held on the first day of the new year?

Neujahrskonzert (New Year's Concert)

What is Austria's most important music festival?

Salzburg Festival

What is Gregorian chant?

Monophonic sacred song in Latin, with priests and monks singing in the same tone

What characterized the Renaissance period in music?

Humanism, polyphonic music, secular music became more common, shift from church to courts

What years define the Baroque Era?

1685-1780

Name the three main Baroque composers

Bach, Vivaldi, Handel

What major musical form was born during the Baroque era?

Opera (in Italy, 1600)

What years define the Classical Era?

1750-1820

Who were the three composers of the First Viennese School?

Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven

What is Franz Joseph Haydn considered the father of?

The symphony and the string quartet

How many symphonies did Haydn compose?

Over 100

Which aristocratic family did Haydn serve for almost 30 years?

Esterházy family

Where was Mozart employed before moving to Vienna?

Worked for the Archbishop of Salzburg

At what age did Beethoven move to Vienna?

17

At what age did Beethoven lose his hearing?

28

How many symphonies is Beethoven famous for?

9 symphonies

What years define the Romantic Period?

1820/30-1900

What characterized Romantic period music?

More emotional and expressive, focused on melody, emotion, novelty and individuality

Who invented the "twelve tone method"?

Schoenberg

What is the Second Viennese School associated with?

Serial music and twelve-tone method (Schoenberg)

What is the Innsbruck baroque music festival called?

Innsbrucker Festwochen der Alten Musik

What is Austria's total area?

83,879 km²

How many provinces does Austria have?

9 provinces

What is Austria's population?

About 9.1 million

What percentage of Austrians live in urban areas?

About 59%

What is Austria's life expectancy?

Around 82.5 years

Who is Austria's Federal President?

Alexander van der Bellen

Who is Austria's Federal Chancellor?

Christian Stocker

When was the name "Austria" first mentioned?

996 AD

When did Austria-Hungary form?

1867

When did Austria regain independence after WWII?

1955

When did Austria join the EU?

1995

When was the euro introduced in Austria?

2002

Since when has Austria been neutral?

1955

Why did Austria become neutral?

Soviet forces would only leave if Austria remained neutral (no NATO, no EU)

What was Austria's budget deficit in 2025?

4.5%

What is the President's role in Austria?

Highest office with more ceremonial powers, elected directly

Who is the head of government in Austria?

Federal Chancellor

What type of representation does Austria have in parliament?

Proportional representation

What does SPÖ stand for and what is its position?

Social Democratic Party of Austria; left from center, strong links to labor unions, stronghold is Vienna

What does ÖVP stand for and what is its position?

Austrian People's Party; conservative, represents farmers, industry and Catholic Church, strong in rural areas

What does FPÖ stand for and what is its position?

Freedom Party of Austria; right wing, anti-EU and against immigration

What are the Green Party's main focuses?

Ecological and liberal, climate change main topic, feminist and open to foreigners

What does NEOS stand for?

Liberal party; open society and pro-business, pro-European, want educational reform

How many inhabitants did the Austro-Hungarian Empire have?

Around 50 million

How many nationalities were in the Austro-Hungarian Empire?

8 nationalities

When did Franz Joseph become emperor and at what age?

1848 at age 18

When was Austria reorganized into the Dual Monarchy?

1867

What was Franz Joseph's wife's name?

Elisabeth ("Sisi")

What was Vienna's population in 1700?

123,000

What was Vienna's population in 1910?

2 million

When did Hitler live in Vienna?

1908-1913

What happened to Hitler at the Academy of Fine Arts in 1907?

He failed the entrance exam

About how many Czech and Slovak people lived in Vienna by 1910?

About 500,000

How many brickmakers worked at Wienerberg around 1890?

About 8,000

What happened in 1895 at Vienna brick factories?

Workers from 30 brick factories went on strike

Name three cultural figures from Vienna around 1900

Stefan Zweig, Arthur Schnitzler, Sigmund Freud, Gustav Mahler, Gustav Klimt, Egon Schiele, Adolf Loos

When and where was Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated?

28 June 1914 in Sarajevo by Gavrilo Princip

When did Austria declare war on Serbia?

28 July 1914

When did Franz Joseph die?

1916

When was the Austrian Republic proclaimed?

12 November 1918

Where do the Habsburg origins lie?

Near Zurich in present-day Switzerland

What does the Habsburg name come from?

Habichtsburg/Habsburg castle

When was Rudolf I elected Roman-German King?

1273

When did Rudolf I defeat Ottokar II at Dürnkrut/Marchfeld?

1278 (beginning of Habsburg rule in Austria)

What was the Habsburg motto about marriage?

"Tu felix Austria nube" ("You, fortunate Austria, marry")

What did Maximilian's marriage to Mary of Burgundy bring?

Part of France and the Netherlands

What territories did the marriage to Joanna of Spain bring?

Spain and its overseas possessions

What was the empire under Charles V called?

The empire "on which the sun never sets"

When did Charles V split the Habsburg lands?

1556 (into Spanish and Austrian Habsburgs)

When was the first Ottoman siege of Vienna?

1529

When was the second Ottoman siege of Vienna?

1683

When did Habsburgs gain hereditary right to the Crown of Hungary?

1687 after victory over Ottomans at Battle of Mohács

When did Maria Theresia become ruler and at what age?

1740 at age 23

How many children did Maria Theresia have?

16 children

When did Franz Joseph become emperor and at what age?

1848 at age 18

When was Franz Joseph crowned King of Hungary?

1867 (creating Dual Monarchy)

When did Crown Prince Rudolf die and how?

1889 by suicide

When and where was Empress Elisabeth (Sisi) assassinated?

1898 in Geneva

When did Franz Joseph die and who succeeded him?

1916, succeeded by Charles

When did Habsburg rule end?

1918-1919

Who was the last Habsburg emperor?

Charles I (1916-1918)

Which three monarchs defined the Baroque era in Austria?

Karl 6th, Maria Theresia, and Josef 2nd

What characterized Baroque art?

Dramatic, lots of contrast, grand scale, sumptuously decorated, marble and gilded

What does "Bieder" translate to?

Respectable

What years define the Biedermeier era?

1780-1848

What characterized Biedermeier art?

Naive and naturalistic, very simple, extremely easy

Who created the secret police during the Biedermeier era?

State Chancellor Metternich

What years define Historicism?

1848-1890

What major event happened in 1848?

Popular revolution demanding reforms (free speech, free press)