World Music Final Flashcards

What are the general elements of Eastern Europe?

• Non-pulsatile songs

• Asymmetric meters

• Repetitive dance rhythms

• Bright timbres

• Epic songs & socialist realism

What are the elements of Western European music?

• Harmony

• Notation

• Tuning system

• Diatonic modes

What are some elements of Sub-Saharan African music?

• Polyrhythm

• Responorial forms

• Ostinato

• Use of percussion, Background shimmer

• Close connection between music + language

• Participatory nature of arts/close connection between the performing arts

What is an Ostinato?

Short pattern that repeats over and over

What is a Polyrhythm?

Two or more rhythms sounding simultaneously

What are some elements of Middle Eastern music?

• Elaborate Melodies and melismas

• Improvisation based on basic tones

• Heterophony

• Rhythms based on beat patterns

• The use of Quarter-tones

What are some influences of religion?

Carnval (Brazil), Binary nature of religion (Indonesia)

What are some dances from Western/Eastern Europe?

• Horo (Russia)

• Flamenco (Spain)

• Jig & reel (Ireland)

What are some instruments from Western/Eastern Europe?

• Balalaika (Russia)

• Bodhrán (Ireland)

• Cruit (Ireland)

• Tupan (Eastern Europe)

• Uilleann pipes (Ireland)

• Accordion (Austria/Ireland)

Which of these describes isorhythm?

A repeated rhythmic pattern that can occur in different instruments

What is asymmetrical meter?

A time signature where beats are grouped in an uneven or irregular pattern, often with different numbers of beats in each group

In Western music theory, harmony is built upon the interval?

Of a third

Who is Béla Bartók?

Hungarian composer/ethnomusicologist who collected and studied folk music

What role did socialist realism play in music of Eastern Europe?

Socialist realism, espouses that all art should serve the state and masses. It resulted in the decline of folk traditions.

What is Gumboot music or isicathulo?

A style of dance preformed by workers at the diamond mines, who wear long waterproof boots

What is Iscathamiya?

A cappella music, frequently banned by white authorities; Paul Simon drawn to it and sax jive, eventually resulting in his album Graceland

What is an Irish jig?

Compound duple (beat is divided)

What is a Jali/griot in West African culture?

A professional musician-historian

What are some instruments from Sub-Saharan Africa/North Africa & Middle East

• Shofar (Israel) -Aerophone

• Kora (Mali) -Chordophone

• ‘Ud (Middle East) -Chordophone

• Riqq (Middle East) -Idiophone

• Mbira (Zimbabwe) -Idiophone

• Darrabukka (Middle East) - Membranophone

What do the terms maqam and iqa’ refer to in Middle Eastern music?

A melodic mode or scale and a rhythmic pattern, respectively

What is a melisma?

An ornamentation of a group sung to one syllable

Who is Umm Kulthum?

Famous Egyptian singer

What is Klezmer music?

Traditional Jewish instrumental music often played at celebrations

Which of the following correctly explains the relationship between dastgah, gusheh, and radif in Iranian music?

Dastgah is the system of scales, gusheh is s specific melody within a dastgah, and radif is the collection of traditional melodies passed down

What is one way that the concept of connection is seen in sub-Saharan African music?

And sub-Saharan African music they will have multiple people dancing and connecting all the music is being played, and it can create a sense of community

Isicathamiya is singing style associated with?

South African Zulu culture

What is a ‘tarab’?

An emotional state derived from the combination of music and poetry

What does sesquialtera mean?

Meter that changes from simple triple to compound duple

A “12-bar blues” refers to?

A song that consists of three 4-bar phrases, typically following a specific chord progression

Scott Joplin, James Brown, Bessie Smith, and Duke Ellington are associated with?

Ragtime, funk, blues, and jazz/swing respectively

What are the elements of North American/African American music?

• “Blue notes”

• Rhythmic vitality

• Alternating improvisations in ensembles

What are some elements of Indigenous North American music?

• Short monophonic songs

• Limited use of instruments

• Use of vocables

What are some elements of Rock n’ Roll music?

• Prominent use of guitar

• Creative use of technology

• Simplified harmonic progressions

What are some elements of Latin American music?

• Distinctive dance rhythms

• Rhythm guitar

• Parallel thirds