Quiz for anatomy

Superior or cranial

Towards the head

Inferior or caudal

Towards the feet

Anterior or ventral

Towards the front of the body

Posterior or dorsal

Towards the back of the body

Medial

Closer to the midline of the body

Lateral

Further from the midline

Proximal

Closer to the trunk or point of origin

Distal

Farther from the trunk or point of origin

Superficial

Closer to the surface

Deep

Farther from the surface

Axial skeleton

Comprised of bones that make up the long axis of our body

• Cranium

• Vertebrae

• Thorax

Appendicular skeleton

Comprised of the bones which make up our appendages

• Arms

• Legs

Cranium

Skull

Vertebral Column

Spine

The cranium and vertebral column protect the central nervous system.

True

33 vertebrae in total which are divided into 5 regions

• 7 cervical (L. cervix, neck)

• 12 thoracic (L. thorax, chest)

• 5 lumbar (L. lumbus, loin)

• 5 sacral

• 4 coccygeal

The sacral vertebrae fuse in adulthood forming the sacrum.

True

The coccygeal vertebrae fuse forming the coccyx.

True

Three different types of joints

• Fibrous

• Cartilaginous

• Synovial

In fibrous joints the bones are interconnected by collagen fibers of connective tissue. Fibrous joints do not have a joint cavity. In general, these joints do not allow for movement between the bones they connect.

True

In cartilaginous joints the bones are interconnected by cartilage. Cartilaginous joints do not have a joint cavity. Some cartilaginous joints allow for some movement while others do not.

True

Synovial joints are the most common joints and are characterized by the following distinguishing features:

• Articular cartilage - coats the bones where they articulate with one another

• Joint cavity – a potential space filled with a small amount of synovial fluid

• Articular capsule – comprised of an outer fibrous layer and an inner synovial membrane;

the fibrous layer provides stability and the synovial membrane produces synovial fluid

• Synovial fluid – fills the cavity to reduce friction and nourish the articular cartilages

• Reinforcing ligaments – the fibrous part of the joint capsule is often reinforced and

strengthened by ligaments (i.e., ligaments are thick fibrous structures that interconnect

two bones)

• Nerve and blood supply – synovial joints are richly innervated by sensory nerve fibers

monitoring for pain, stretch, and joint position; they are also well supplied by blood

vessels which aid in the production of synovial fluid

Synovial joints allow for movement between the bones they connect.

True