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political socialization

the process by which individuals develop political beliefs, values, opinions, and behaviors

political ideology

an individual’s coherent set of beliefs about government and politics

generational effect

the impact of experiences shared by people of a common age on their political ideology

life-cycle effect

the impact of a person’s age and stage in life on their political views

public opinion

the sum of individual attitudes about government, policies, and issues

scientific poll

a representative poll of randomly selected respondents of a statistically significant sample size, who are asked questions using neutral language

sample

a subgroup of individuals from a larger population used to measure public opinion

random selection

a method of choosing all poll respondents in a way that does not over- or underrepresent any group of the population

representative sample

a sample that reflects the demographics of the population

weighting

a procedure in which the survey is adjusted according to the demographics of the larger population

sampling error

the margin of error in a poll, which is usually calculated to around plus or minus 3 percentage points

mass survey

a survey designed to measure the opinions of the population, usually consisting of fifteen hundred responses

entrance survey

a poll conducted of people as they come into an event

exit poll

a survey conducted outside a polling place in which individuals are asked who or what they just voted for and why

benchmark poll

a survey taken at the beginning of a political campaign in order to gauge support for a candidate and determine which issues are important to voters

tracking poll

a survey determining the level of support for a candidate or an issue throughout a campaignquestion order: the sequencing of questions in public opinion polls

question order

the sequencing of questions in public opinion polls

question wording

the phrasing of a question in a public opinion poll