A&P Final Multiple Choice

CV: 1-60, Lymph: 61-115, Resp: 116-165, Urinary: 166-207, Digestive: 208-248, Body Fluids: 249-308, Blood Vessels: 309-338

Provides oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle and waste products away.

coronary circulation

Carries oxygen rich blood from the heart to the systemic system of the body.

arteries

Carries oxygen poor blood from the systemic system of the body back to the heart.

veins

Prevents blood from flowing back into the ventricle from the Aorta.

semi-lunar valve

Attached to the AV valves to help control opening and closing of those valves.

chordae tendinae

Prevents blood from flowing back into the ventricle from the pulmonary trunk.

semi-lunar valve

Is referred to as the pacemaker of the heart.

sino-atrial node

Continues the electrical stimulus from the atrial muscle tissue thought the ventricular muscle.

atrioventricular node

Inferior vena cava flows into this part of the heart.

right atrium

Superior vena cava flows into this part of the heart.

right atrium

Pulmonary vein flows into this part of the heart.

left atrium

Pumps oxygen rich blood through the AV valve to the ventricle.

left atrium

Pumps oxygen poor blood into the pulmonary trunk.

right ventricle

An ECG is a recording of the electrical changes occurring in it.

myocardium

Contracts at the same time as the left atrium.

right atrium

Has the thickest walls of all chambers of the heart.

left ventricle

Characteristic of having a massive surface area

capillary bed

Decreases significantly because of the massive surface area.

blood pressure

Bathes every tissue cell in the body.

tissue fluid

Oxygen and nutrients along with water diffuse out of the capillary because of this (at the arteriole end).

Higher blood pressure than osmotic pressure

Carbon dioxide and waste products diffuse back into the capillary at the venue end because_____

Osmotic pressure is higher than blood pressure

Takes in oxygen and glucose and sends back carbon dioxide and waste products. 

tissue cells

Has a single cell thickness and has oxygen rich blood at one end and oxygen poor blood at the other end.

capillaries

Blood vessels have this ability to enable them to release heat.

vasodilation

Relaxation phase of the heart.

diastole

Blood pressure of over 90 is a concern for this measurement.

diastole

Shows the change in the electrical charge just before the ventricles contract. 

QRS wave

A blood pressure of over 140 is a concern for this measurement.

systole

Blood pressure decreases as a result of this.

dilation

The average number of days a sickle cell can live.

90

The time in seconds for one cardiac cycle.

0.85

The average heart rate for a healthy individual.

70

The average number of liters of blood in an individual.

5

The average life span of an erythrocyte in days.

120

A concern for pregnant mothers.

Rh-

Universal donor.

type O

Universal recipient.

type AB

won't elicit an antibody response if this donor blood type is infused into anyone.

type O-

The ballooning of a blood vessel until it bursts.

aneurysm

High blood pressure and results in the leading cause of death in the Western Hemisphere.

hypertension

High blood  pressure.

hypertension

The name for a cerebral vascular accident occurring when a cranial arteriole bursts.

stroke

A heart attack.

myocardial infarction

The accumulation of plaque on arteries causing hypertension.

atherosclerosis

Leaving the heart I am a RBC traveling in what vessel?

artery

From the vessel in question #45 I am a RBC moving into a smaller, 3 layer thick vessel called what?

arteriole

Leaving the vessel in #46, I am entering a vessel that is one cell thick called what?

capillary

Now I am leaving a blood vessel that is one cell thick headed back to the heart. What vessel am I entering?

venule

What is the name of the vessel that dumps oxygen poor blood back into the heart from the systemic system?

vena cava

Is transported as a waste product of cellular respiration from the tissue cells back to the lungs via the RBCs.

CO2

The heme portion of hemoglobin.

Fe

Attaches to hemoglobin in a reversible reaction.

O2

Once attaching to hemoglobin it does not easily let go.

CO

Leukocytes

white blood cells

Involved in clotting.

thrombocytes

Biconcave feature of this cell gives it more surface area for a greater capacity to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide.

erythrocyte

Composed of the protein global and heme.

erythrocyte

5,000-11,000 of these are found in the blood per cubic mm.

leukocytes

Functions to transport heat to all parts of the body.

blood

Functions to transport hormones to target organs.

blood

Acellular and requires a host cell to replicate.

virus

Staphylococcus aureus.

bacterium

Plasmodium falciparum

parasite

3rd line of defense.

acquired defense

Can be harmful or helpful and are microscopic organisms.

microbes

Covid-19

virus

Composed of an outer capsid and an inner core of nucleic acid.

virus

Polio, HIV, Flu, chicken pox are caused by these organisms.

virus

Important discovery that led to the production of antibiotics.

all of these

Coccus, bacillus, and spirillum are shapes of what type of microbe?

bacteria

Filters the lymph fluid. Located along the lymphatic vessels.

lymph nodes

Skin, mucous membranes, saliva, normal resident bacteria all function as___________.

innate barriers

Characteristic of histamine release and vasodilation.

inflammatory response

resident bacteria

normal flora

B and T lymphocytes.

acquired defense

The process of engulfing a pathogen.

phagocytosis

An increased temperature in an area that inhibits growth of some pathogens

fever

A sign that the body is fighting the infection.

swelling of lymph nodes

Work similarly to veins as they depend on skeletal muscle contraction and valves to function properly.

lymphatic vessels

Cause capillaries to dilate making them more permeable for WBCs to seek out infectious material.

histamines

An antigen binds with a specific B-cell receptor, clones itself, and produces mass quantities of antibodies, is an example of ______________.

antibody-mediated immunity

T-cells attacking disease cells and cancer cells directly is an example of_____________.

cell-mediated immunity

When the individual produces antibodies against the antigen.

active immunity

When an individual is given prepared antibodies to fight an infection providing short term immunity.

passive immunity

Hypersensitivity to pollen, etc.

allergy

When the T-cells or antibodies attack the body's own cells.

autoimmune disease

A measure of the antibody response

antibody titer

A virus that infects the T-cells which destroys disrupting the immune response system allowing for opportunistic infections.

HIV

First responders to an infection.

neutrophils

The body's ability to transmit nerve impulses is slowed down (autoimmune condition).

muscular sclerosis

The main function of the Lymphatic system

homeostasis

It is a colorless, milky, yellowish fluid.

lymph

A programmed death of T-cells.

apoptosis

Agranular cells responsible for ridding the body of pathogens.

monocytes

Responsible for the production of histamines.

basophils

Causes mad-cow disease.

prions

2nd line of defense.

inflammatory response

First line of defense.

innate defense

No nucleus

erythrocyte

Found in the blood, biconcave, contains Fe.

erythrocytes