Breathing cont.

An increase in PCO2 & H+ causes a ? In respiratory rates

Increase

A moderate decrease in PO2 causes a ? In respiratory rates

Decrease

A severe drop in PO2 causes a ? In respiratory rates

Decrease

Prolonged somatic pain causes a ? In respiratory rates

Increase

Visceral pain may cause a ? In respiratory rates

Decrease

Limbic system (excitement/anxiety) causes a ? In respiratory rates

Increase

Increased temperature causes a ? In respiratory rates

Increase

Drop in BP causes a ? In respiratory rates

Increase

Asthma

• Chronic airway inflammation

• An allergic reaction of the airway which causes bronchospasm & bronchoconstriction

• Airway obstruction

Symptoms of asthma

Difficulty breathing, wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, shortness of breath

Acute attack treatment for asthma

Inhaled albuterol (bronchodilator) which helps relax smooth muscle & dilate airways

Long term treatment for asthma

Anti-inflammatory drugs

Effects of smoking on the respiratory system

• Reduces respiratory efficiency by irritating & constricting airways

• Increases CO levels in blood

• Paralyzes & destroys cilia

COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

Respiratory disorder with chronic obstruction of airflow

Chronic bronchitis

Chronic inflammation of the bronchi, excessive mucus is produced along with a productive cough

Emphysema

Alveoli get damaged, less oxygen can be exchanged across respiratory membrane

Lung cancer

Leading cause of cancer death in US

Cystic fibrosis

Inherited disease of secretory epithelium that causes excessive mucus production in lungs & eventually causes lung disease

SIDS (Sudden infant death syndrome)

Unexpected death of infant <12 months of age due to hypoxia while sleeping on stomach or due to abnormal control of respiration

Pulmonary edema

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in lungs

Pneumonia

Viral/bacterial infection of the alveoli which causes inflammation & edema which then interferes with gas exchange