B16.1 Chromosomes and genes

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Last updated 8:34 PM on 6/5/26
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5 Terms

1
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What are chromosomes and where are they located?

  • Thread-like structures made of DNA which carries genetic information in the form of genes

    • Located in the nucleus of the cell

2
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What is a gene?

  • Short length of DNA found on a chromosome that codes for a specific protein

    • Could be a structural protein, ex. enzyme, hormone or collagen

3
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What is an allele?

  • An alternative form of a gene that gives all organisms their characteristics

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Describe the inheritance of sex in humans

  • Sex is determined by a chromosome pair

    • Females have XX chromosomes therefore 100% chance of passing on an X

    • Males have XY chromosomes therefore 50/50 chance, so sex is determined by the male

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What is a haploid and diploid nucleus?

  • Haploid: nucleus containing a single set of chromosomes

    • Gametes: 23 cells

  • Diploid: nucleus containing a pair of chromosomes

    • Somatic cells: 46 cells