Rise of Nationalism in Europe Flashcards

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering key individuals, terms, and events from the lecture on the Rise of Nationalism in Europe.

Frédéric Sorrieu

A French artist who in 1848 prepared a series of four prints visualising his dream of a world made up of ‘Democratic and Social Republics’.

Nation State

A country with well-defined delineated boundaries, resided by people with a similar shared history, culture, and ethnic character, having a government of its choice.

La patrie

A French term introduced during the revolution meaning 'the fatherland'.

Le citoyen

A French term introduced during the revolution meaning 'the citizen'.

National Assembly

The body that replaced the Estates General, with members elected by active citizens who paid taxes.

Civil Code of 1804

Also known as the Napoleonic Code, it established equality before the law, the right to property, and abolished all privileges based on birth.

Liberalism

Derived from the Latin root 'liber', it stood for individual freedom, equality before the law, government by consent, and freedom of markets.

Zollverein

A customs union formed in 1834 at the initiative of Prussia that abolished tariff barriers and reduced the number of currencies from over thirty to two.

Congress of Vienna

A meeting held in 1815 involving Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria to draw up a settlement for Europe after the defeat of Napoleon.

Duke Metternich

The Austrian Chancellor who hosted the Congress of Vienna and once remarked, “When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches cold.”

Romanticism

A cultural movement that focused on emotions, intuition, and mystical feelings to create a sense of shared heritage as the basis of a nation.

Johann Gottfried Herder

A German philosopher who claimed that true German culture was to be discovered among the common people – ‘das volk’.

Giuseppe Mazzini

An Italian revolutionary who formed the secret society 'Young Italy' to support the unification of Italian states.

Otto von Bismarck

The Chief Minister of Prussia who achieved German unification with the help of the Prussian army and bureaucracy.

Cavour

The Chief Minister of Sardinia-Piedmont who led the process of the unification of Italy.

Act of Union, 1707

The legislative agreement between England and Scotland that resulted in the formation of the ‘United Kingdom of Great Britain’.

Allegory

An abstract idea expressed through a person or a thing, such as 'Marianne' in France or 'Germania' in Germany.

Imperialism

The territorial control of a region or a country by another country using military control.

Absolutist

A system of rule or government that has no restraints on the power exercised; typically a centralized, militarised, and repressive monarchy.

Utopian

A vision of society that is so ideal that it is unlikely to actually exist.

Plebiscite

A direct vote by which all the citizens of a region are asked to accept or reject a proposal.

Elle

The measuring unit used in Germany for cloth.

Junkers

The name given to the large landowners of Prussia.

Treaty of Constantinople, 1832

The treaty that recognized Greece as an independent nation.

Slavs

The general name for the inhabitants of the ethnic groups in the Balkan region.