Thermodynamics

3/2 k_bT

Kinetic energy

R/N_A= 1,38 × 10^-23 J/K

k_b - Boltzmann constant

3/2Nk_bT = NE_k = 3/2nRT = 3/2pV

Internal energy

3/2pΔV

Change in internal energy for p - const.

3/2ΔpV

Change in in internal energy if V - const.

p₁V₁=p₂V₂

Izothermal process formula

V₁/T₁=V₁/T₁

Isobaric process formula

P₁/T₁=P₂/T₂

Isovolumetric process formula

p₁V₁^5/3=p₂V₂^5/3

Adiabatic process formula T - const.

Energy can’t be created or destroyed in a system of constant mass, but can be converted from one form to another

First law of thermodynamics

Q = ΔU + W

First law of thermodynamics formula

Q > 0

heat is supplied to the system

Q < 0

heat is removed from the system

ΔU > 0

internal energy and temperature increase

ΔU < 0

internal energy and temperature decrease

W > 0

work is done by the gas - it expands

W < 0

work is done on the gas - it’s compressed

entropy

measure of the disorder of a system