Bonding, Structure, and Properties Flashcards

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers the fundamental concepts of metallic, ionic, and covalent bonding, as well as the structures and properties associated with them as described in the lecture notes.

Metallic bonding

The type of bonding that occurs when metal atoms bond together, forming giant structures of regularly arranged atoms.

Delocalised electrons

Electrons from the outer shells of metal atoms that are free to move through the entire structure.

Strength of metallic bond

Determined by the force of attraction between the positive metal ions $(+)$ and the delocalised electrons $(-)$.

Malleable and ductile

Metallic properties that allow layers of metal ions to slide over each other when the metal is hammered or stretched.

Ion

A charged particle that has different numbers of protons and electrons.

Positive ion

A particle that has more protons $(+)$ than electrons $(-)$.

Negative ion

A particle that has more electrons $(-)$ than protons $(+)$.

Ionic bonding

The bonding between metal and non-metal atoms where electrons transfer from the metal to the non-metal so both achieve full outer shells.

Dot and Cross diagram

A representation used to model the arrangement of electrons in ionic and covalent bonding.

Covalent bonding

The bonding between non-metal atoms where atoms share electrons to achieve full outer shells.

Ionic lattice

The regular arrangement of oppositely charged ions in giant ionic structures.

Simple molecular structures

Structures consisting of a few atoms held together by covalent bonds, such as hydrogen, water, and carbon dioxide.

Intermolecular forces

Weak forces between individual molecules in simple molecular structures that result in low melting and boiling points.

Giant covalent structures

Structures consisting of many atoms held together by covalent bonds in giant lattices, which are extremely strong.

Diamond

A giant covalent structure where each carbon is bonded to 4 others; it does not conduct electricity and is used in drill bits and gemstones.

Graphite

A giant covalent structure where each carbon is bonded to 3 others; it conducts electricity via delocalised electrons and is used in lubricants.