IB SEHS Comprehensive Study Notes

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the IB SEHS lecture notes.

Immune System

The organs and processes of the body that provide resistance to infections and toxins.

Pathogens

Microorganisms known to cause disease.

Moderate-to-Vigorous Exercise

Short-lasting exercise (up to 45 min) beneficial to the immune system.

Immunosuppression

Condition that can result from repeated bouts of long-lasting high-intensity exercise.

Open Window Theory

A period after intense exercise when the immune system is temporarily weakened.

Fight or Flight Response

A physiological reaction responding to a perceived harmful event, attack, or threat to survival.

Hypokinetic Disease

A disease associated with a sedentary (inactive) lifestyle.

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)

A group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels.

Atherosclerosis

Hardening of the arteries due to the accumulation of fat and cholesterol in the arterial walls.

Obesity

An excess of body fat to the point where health is endangered.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

A measurement often misleading in determining body fat.

Energy Balance

The equilibrium between the amount of energy consumed and the amount of energy expended.

Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors

Major risk factors include obesity and family history.

Bone Mineral Density (BMD)

The amount of calcium and minerals in a specific area of bone.

Osteoporosis

Severe loss of bone mass that leads to an increased risk of fractures.

Weight-Bearing Physical Activity

Essential for maintaining bone health.

Personality

Individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving.

Big Five Personality Traits

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism.

Mental Toughness

A multidimensional trait that helps individuals perform well under pressure.

Coping Skills

Strategies used to manage stress and challenges.

Emotional Intelligence

The ability to understand and manage emotions.

Risk Assessment

Identifying the likelihood and severity of an injury.

Resistance Training

Exercise that causes muscles to contract against external resistance.

Connective Tissue

The most abundant tissue type in the body that binds, supports, and strengthens other tissues.

Types of Bones

Long, short, flat, and irregular bones.

Cartilage

A dense network of collagen and elastic fibers that provides flexibility and support.

Synovial Joints

The most complex and abundant joints allowing smooth low-friction movement.

Motor Unit

A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it controls.

Types of Muscle Contractions

Isometric, isotonic (concentric and eccentric), and isokinetic.

Anatomical Planes

Imaginary lines dividing the body into sections: sagittal, frontal, and transverse.

Mechanical Advantage

The ability of a lever to amplify the force applied to it.

Homeostasis

The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment.

Thermoregulation

The regulation of body temperature.

Hyponatremia

Low concentration of sodium in body fluids.

Goal Setting

Creating clear, achievable objectives.

Cognitive Anxiety

Thoughts and images negatively affect-laden and uncontrol lable.

Intrinsic Motivation

Motivation that comes from within a person.

Epinephrine

A hormone that increases heart rate during physical stress.

Cardiac Output

The amount of blood ejected from the left side of the heart in liters per minute.

Acclimatization

The body's attempt to counteract stressors and maintain homeostasis.

Principle of Specificity

Training must stress physiological systems critical for optimal performance.

Positive Transfer

Practice of one task facilitates another.

Performance Goal

Goals that relate to specific outcomes or completion of tasks.

Fixed Beginning and End

Discrete skills with a clear start and finish.

Training Status

Manipulation of training stress and recovery for performance improvement.

Biomechanics

The study of the mechanical laws relating to movement and structure of living organisms.

Motor Learning

Changes in behavior as a result of experience and practice.