7.1-7.3 Vocab | History

Absolute Monarchy

A government in which the king or queen has absolute power.

divine right

Belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god.

Charles V

Grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella, was Charles I of Spain, but took the title of Charles V. He inherited the German States of the Holy Roman Empire as well as the Dutch Netherlands. He fought to keep Protestantism out of Spain.

Phillip II of Spain

King of Spain, tried to make England Catholic by sending an armada to defeat the British navy

armada

a fleet of warships

El Greco

a Greek painter who was a master of the Spanish style, popular under Phillip II's rule

Miguel de Cervantes

Spanish writer best remembered for 'Don Quixote' which satirizes chivalry and influenced the development of the novel form

Huguenots

French Protestants

Henry IV of France

This was the king who issued the Edict of Nantes

Cardinal Richelieu (1585

1642)

Versailles

A palace built by Louis XIV outside of Paris; it was home to Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

balance of power

a political situation in which no one nation is powerful enough to pose a threat to others

Peace of Westphalia

the peace treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648

Maria Theresa of Austria

the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg

War of Austrian Succession (1740

1748)

Prussia

A former kingdom in north

Frederick William I

Prussian king responsible for Prussian absolutism and continuing militarization

Frederick II

the son of Frederick William, who became king of Prussia in 1740 and seized Silesia from Austria, sparking the War of the Austrian Succession

Peter the Great

(1672

boyar

a landowning noble of Russia

Catherine the Great

Empress of Russia who greatly increased the territory of the empire (1729

St. Petersburg

Built by Peter the Great of Russia to attract europeans and to get warm water ports.

James I of England

The son of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, he succeeded the childless Elizabeth as James I of England. He was not popular and was an outsider. He inherited a large royal debt and a divided church. He ruled like a tyrant, raising taxes, etc to fund his lifestyle. Thought everyone should honor and serve him because of divine right.

dissenter

Protestant whose views and opinions differed from those of the Church of England

Puritain

a member of a group of English Protestants of the late 16th and 17th centuries who regarded the Reformation of the Church of England under Elizabeth as incomplete and sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship.

Charles I of England

English King during the English Civil War, was executed by Oliver Cromwell

Oliver Cromwell

English military, political, and religious figure who led the Parliamentarian victory in the English Civil War (1642

English Bill of Rights (1689)

King William and Queen Mary accepted this document. It guaranteed certain rights to English citizens and declared that elections for Parliament would happen frequently. By accepting this document, they supported a limited monarchy, a system in which they shared their power with Parliament and the people. (date)

Limited Monarchy

government in which a constitution or legislative body limits the monarch's powers

constitutional government

a government in which a constitution has authority to place clearly recognized limits on the powers of those who govern

cabinet

A group of advisers to a nation's leader ( king, president, prime minister, etc.)

prime minister

the chief executive of a parliamentary government

Oligarchy

A government ruled by a few powerful people