Neuroscience Review

These flashcards cover key concepts in neuroscience including brain function, neurological disorders, and physiological responses.

Sensory Neurons

Nerve cells that carry information to the central nervous system.

Motor Neurons

Nerve cells that carry responses away from the central nervous system.

Cerebrum

Part of the brain responsible for higher functions such as memory, learning, and personality.

Cerebellum

Brain structure responsible for balance, coordination, and smooth movement.

Brainstem

Part of the brain that regulates vital functions like breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.

Autonomic Nervous System

Controls involuntary processes such as heart rate and digestion.

Sympathetic Nervous System

Part of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses.

Monro-Kelly Hypothesis

Theory stating that an increase in one cranial component (like brain tissue) must be compensated by a decrease in another to avoid increased intracranial pressure.

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

A temporary period of symptoms similar to those of a stroke that serves as a warning sign for potential future strokes.

Ischemic Stroke

Type of stroke caused by a blockage of blood flow to the brain, leading to infarction and cell death if not restored.

Parkinson's Disease

Neurodegenerative disorder caused by decreased dopamine in the basal ganglia.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of myelin in the central nervous system.

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy often triggered by infections, characterized by progressive muscle weakness.

Myasthenia Gravis

Autoimmune disorder leading to impaired acetylcholine receptor function at neuromuscular junctions, causing muscle weakness.

Episodic Neurologic Deficits

Neurological symptoms that occur in episodes with periods of remission, characteristic of conditions like multiple sclerosis.